21. Jihad

Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said "Someone who does jihad in the way of Allah is likesomeone who fasts and prays constantly and who does not slacken fromhis prayer and fasting until he returns." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Allah guarantees either the Garden or a safe returnto his home with whatever he has obtained of reward or booty, for theone who does jihad in His way, if it is solely jihad and trust in hispromise that brings him out of his house." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Abu Salihas-Samman from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, "Horses are a reward for one man,a protection for another, a burden for another. The one who has themas a reward is the one who dedicates them for use in the way of Allah,and tethers them in a meadow or grassland. Whatever the horse enjoysof the grassland or meadow in the length of its tether are good deedsfor him. If it breaks its tether and goes over a hillock or two, itstracks and droppings are good deeds for him. If it crosses a river anddrinks from it while he did not mean to allow it to drink it, thatcounts as good deeds for him, and the horse is a reward for him. Another man uses his horse to gain self reliance and up-standingness and does not forget Allah's right on their necks andbacks (i.e. he does not ill treat or over-work them). Horses are aprotection for him . Another man uses them out of pride toshow them off and in hostility to the people of Islam. They are aburden on that man." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, was asked about donkeys, and he said,"Nothing has been revealed to me about them except this single all-inclusive ayat, 'Whoever does an atom of good will see it, and whoeverdoes an atom of evil, will see it.' " (Sura 99 Ayats 7,8) . Yahya related to me from Abdullah ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Mamar al-Ansari that Ata ibn Yasar said that the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, "Shall I tell you who has thebest degree among people? A man who takes the rein of his horse to dojihad in the way of Allah. Shall I tell you who has the best degreeamong people after him? A man who lives alone with a few sheep,performs the prayer, pays the zakat, and worships Allah withoutassociating anything with him." Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said said, ''Ubadaibn al-Walid ibn Ubada ibn as-Samit informed me from his father thathis grandfather (Ubada) said, 'We made a contract with the Messengerof Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, to hear and obey inease and hardship, enthusiasm and reluctance, and not to dispute withpeople in authority and to speak or establish the truth wherever wewere without worrying about criticism.'" Yahya related to me from Malik that Zayd ibn Aslam had said thatUbayda ibn al-Jarrah had written to Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioning tohim a great array of Byzantine troops and the anxiety they werecausing him. Umar ibn al-Khattab wrote in reply to him, "Whateverhardship befalls a believing slave, Allah will make an opening for himafter it, and a hardship will not overcome two eases. Allah theExalted says in His Book, 'O you who trust, be patient, and vie inpatience; be steadfast and fear Allah, perhaps you will profit.' "(Sura 3 ayat 200). Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarsaid that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, forbade travelling with a Qur'an in the land of the enemy.Malik commented, "That is out of fear that the enemy will get hold ofit." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that a son of Kabibn Malik (Malik believed that ibn Shihab said it was Abd ar-Rahmanibn Kab) said, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, forbade those who fought ibn Abi Huqayq (a treacherous jewfrom Madina) to kill women and children. He said that one of the menfighting had said, 'The wife of ibn Abi Huqayq began screaming and Irepeatedly raised my sword against her. Then I would remember theprohibition of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, so I would stop. Had it not been for that, we would havebeen rid of her.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Ibn Umar that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saw thecorpse of a woman who had been slain in one of the raids, and hedisapproved of it and forbade the killing of women and children. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Abu Bakr as-Siddiq was sending armies to ash-Sham. He went for a walk with Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan who was the commander of one of the battalions. It is claimed that Yazid said to Abu Bakr, "Will you ride or shall I get down?" Abu Bakrsaid, "I will not ride and you will not get down. I intend these steps of mine to be in the way of Allah."Then Abu Bakr advised Yazid, "You will find a people who claim to have totally given themselves to Allah. Leave them to what they claim to have given themselves. You will find a people who have shaved the middle of their heads, strike what they have shaved with the sword."I advise you ten things: Do not kill women or children or anaged, infirm person. Do not cut down fruit-bearing trees. Do notdestroy an inhabited place. Do not slaughter sheep or camels exceptfor food. Do not burn bees and do not scatter them. Do not steal fromthe booty, and do not be cowardly." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Umar ibnAbd al-Aziz wrote to one of his governors, "It has been passed down tous that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, sent out a raiding party, he would say to them, 'Make yourraids in the name of Allah in the way of Allah. Fight whoever deniesAllah. Do not steal from the booty, and do not act treacherously. Donot mutilate and do not kill children.' Say the same to your armiesand raiding parties, Allah willing. Peace be upon you." Yahya related to me from Malik from a man of Kufa that Umar ibnal-Khattab wrote to a lieutenant of an army which he had sent out, "Ihave heard that it is the habit of some of your men to chase anunbeliever till he takes refuge in a high place. Then one man tellshim in Persian not to be afraid, and when he comes up to him, he killshim. By He in whose hand my self is, if I knew someone who had donethat, I would strike off his head." Yahya said, I heard Maliksay, "This tradition is not unanimously agreed upon, so one does notact on it." Malik when asked whether safe conduct promised bygesture had the same status as that promised by speech, said, "Yes. Ithink that one can request an army not to kill someone by gesturingfor safe conduct, because as far as I am concerned, gesture has thesame status as speech. I have heard that Abdullah ibn Abbas said,'There is no people who betray a pledge, but that Allah gives theirenemies power over them.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that when Abdullah ibnUmar gave something in the way of Allah, he would say to its owner,"When you reach Wadi'l-Qura, (on the outskirts of Madina) then it isyour affair." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibnal-Musayyab used to say, "When a man is given something to use in amilitary expedition, and he brings it to the battlefield, it is his." Malik was asked about a man who pledged himself to go on amilitary campaign, equipped himself,and when he wanted to go out, oneor both of his parents prevented him. He said, "He should notcontradict them. Let him put it off for another year. As for theequipment, I think that he should store it until he needs it. If hefears that it will spoil, let him sell it and keep its price so thathe can readily buy what is needed fora military expedition. If he iswell-to-do, he will find the like of his equipment when he goes out,so let him do what he likes with his equipment." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umarthat the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,sent a raiding party which included Abdullah ibn Umar near Najd. Theyplundered many camels and their portions were twelve or eleven camelseach. They divided it up camel by camel. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heardSaid ibn al-Musayyab say, "When people in military expeditions dividedthe spoils, they made a camel equal to ten sheep." Malik saidabout the paid labourer in military expeditions, "If he is present atthe battle and is with the people in the battle and he is a free man,he has his share. If he is not present, he has no share." Malik summed up, "I think that the booty is only divided among freemen who have been present at the battle. " Malik said about enemy soldiers who were found on the seashore ofa Muslim land, and they claimed that they were merchants and that thesea had driven them ashore, while the Muslims were not able to verifyany of that except that their ships were damaged, or they were thirstyand had disembarked without the permission of the Muslims, "I thinkthat it is up to the imam to give his opinion about them, and I do notthink that the tax of one fifth is taken from them." Malik said, "I do not see that there is any harm in the Muslimseating whatever food they come across in enemy territory before thespoils are divided." Malik said, "I think that any camels,cattle and sheep (taken as booty) are considered as food which theMuslims can eat in enemy territory. If they could not be eaten untilthe people had gathered for the division and the spoils had beendistributed among them, that would be harmful for the army. I do notsee any objection to eating such things within acceptable limits. I donot think, however, that anyone should store up any of it to take backto his family." Malik was asked whether it was proper for aman who obtained food in enemy territory and ate some of it and madeprovision so that there was some of it left over to keep and eat withhis family, or to sell before he had come to his country and make useof its price. He said, "If he sells it while he is on a militaryexpedition, I think that he should put its price into the booty of theMuslims. If he takes it back to his country, I see no objection to hiseating it and using it if it is a small insignificant thing." Yahya related to me from Malik that it reached him that a slaveof Abdullah ibn Umar escaped and one of his horses wandered off, andthe idol worshippers seized them. Then the Muslims recaptured them,and they were returned to Abdullah ibn Umar, before the division ofthe spoils took place. I heard Malik say about muslimproperty that had been seized by the enemy, "If it is noticed beforethe distribution, then it is returned to itsowner. Whatever hasalready been distributed is not returned to anyone." Malik,when asked about a man whose young male slave was taken by the idolworshippers and then the Muslims re-captured him, said, "The owner ismore entitled to him without having to pay his price or value orhaving to incur any loss before the distribution takes place. If thedistribution has already taken place then I think that the slavebelongs to his master for his price if the master wants him back." Regarding an umm walad of a Muslim man who has been taken bythe idol worshippers and then recaptured by the Muslims and allottedin the distribution of spoils and then recognised by her master afterthe distribution, Malik said, "She is not to be enslaved. I think thatthe Imam should pay a ransom for her for her master. If he does notdo it, then her master must pay a ransom for her and not leave her. Ido not think that she should be made a slave by whoever takes her andintercourse with her is not halal. She is in the position of a freewoman because her master would be required to pay compensation if sheinjured somebody and so she is in the same position (as a wife). Hemust not leave the mother of his son to be enslaved nor mayintercourse with her be made halal." Malik was asked about aman who went to enemy territory to pay ransom or to trade, and hebought a free man or a slave, or they were given to him. He said, "Asfor the free man, the price he buys him for is a debt against the manand he is not made a slave. If the captive is given to him freely, heis free and owes nothing unless the man gave something in recompensefor him. That is a debt against the free man, the same as if a ransomhad been paid for him. As for a slave, his former master can choose totake him back and pay his price to the man who bought him or he canchoose to leave him, as he wishes. If he was given to the man, theformer master is more entitled to him, and he owes nothing for himunless the man gave something for him in recompense. Whatever he gavefor him is a loss against the master if he wants him back." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Amr ibnKathir ibn Aflah from Abu Muhammad, the mawla of Abu Qatada that AbuQatada ibn Ribi said, "We went out with the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, in the year of Hunayn. When thearmies met, the Muslims were put in disarray. I saw a man from theidol worshippers who had got the better of one of the Muslims, so Icircled round and came up behind him, and struck him with a sword onhis shoulder-blade. He turned to me and grabbed me so hard that I feltthe smell of death in it. Then death overcame him, and he let go ofme." He continued, "I met Umar ibn al-Khattab and said tohim, 'What's going on with the people?' He replied, 'The Command ofAllah.' Then the people took hold of the battle and the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Whoever haskilled one of the dead and can prove it, can strip him of his personaleffects.' I stood up and said, 'Who will testify for me?' and then Isat down. The Messenger of Allah repeated, 'Whoever has killed one ofthe dead and can prove it, can strip him of his personal effects.' Istood up and said, 'Who will testify for me?' then I sat down. Then herepeated his statement a third time, so I stood up, and the Messengerof Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'What's thematter with you, Abu Qatada?' So I related my story to him. A mansaid, 'He has spoken the truth, Messenger of Allah. I have the effectsof that slain person with me, so give him compensation for it,Messenger of Allah.' Abu Bakr said, 'No, by Allah! He did notintend that one of the lions of Allah should fight for Allah and HisMessenger and then give you his spoils.' The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'He has spoken the truth,hand it over to him.' He gave it to me, and I sold the breast-plateand I bought a garden in the area of the Banu Salima with the money.It was my first property, and I acquired it in Islam." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that al-Qasim ibnMuhammad said that he had heard a man asking ibn Abbas about booty.Ibn Abbas said, "Horses are part of the booty and personal effects areas well." Then the man repeated his question, and Ibn Abbasrepeated his answer. Then the man said, "What are the spoils which He,the Blessed, the Exalted, mentioned in His Book?" He kept on askinguntil Ibn Abbas was on the verge of being annoyed, then Ibn Abbassaid, "Do you know who this man is like? Ibn Sabigh, who was beaten byUmar ibn al-Khattab because he was notorious for asking foolishquestions." Yahya said that Malik was asked whether someonewho killed one of the enemy could keep the man's effects without thepermission of the Imam. He said, "No one can do that without thepermission of the Imam. Only the Imam can make ijtihad. I have notheard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, ever said, 'Whoever kills someone can have his effects,' on anyother day than the day of Hunayn." 3 Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad that Said ibn al-Musayyab said, "People used to be given bonuses from the Khumus." Malik said, "That is the best of what I have heard on the matter." Malik was asked about bonuses and whether they were takenfrom the first of the spoils, and he said, "That is only decidedaccording to the ijtihad of the Imam. We do not have a known reliablecommand about that other than it is up to the ijtihad of the Sultan. Ihave not heard that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, gave bonuses in all his raids. I have only heard thathe gave bonuses in one of them, namely the day of Hunayn. It dependson the ijtihad of the Imam whether they are taken from the first ofthe spoils or what is after it." Yahya related to me that Malik said that he had heard that Umaribn Abd al-Aziz used to say, "The man on horse-back has two shares,and the man on foot has one." Malik added, "I continue tohear the same." Malik, when asked whether a man who waspresent with several horses took a share for all of them, said, "Ihave never heard that. I think that there is only a share for thehorse on which he fought." Malik said, "I think that foreignhorses and half-breeds are considered as horses because Allah, theBlessed, the Exalted, said in His Book, 'All horses, and mules, andasses, for you to ride, and as an adornment.' (Sura16 ayat 8). Hesaid, the Mighty, the Majestic, 'Make ready for them whatever forceand strings of horses you can, to terrify thereby the enemy of Allahand your enemy.' (Sura 8 ayat 60). I think that foreign breeds andhalf-breeds are considered as horses if the governor accepts them." Said ibn al-Musayyab was asked about working horses, andwhether there was zakat on them. He said, "Is there any zakat onhorses.?" Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Said fromAmr ibn Shuayb that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, came back from Hunayn heading for al-Jiirrana,the people crowded around so much to question him that his she-camelbacked into a tree, which became entangled in his cloak and pulled itoff his back. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Return my cloak to me. Are you afraid that I willnot distribute among you what Allah has given you as spoils. By He inwhose hand my self is! Had Allah given you spoils equal to the numberof acacia trees on the plain of Tihama, I would have distributed itamong you. You will not find me to be miserly, cowardly, or a liar."Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,got down and stood among the people, and said, "Hand over even theneedle and thread, for stealing from the spoils is disgrace, fire,ignominy on the Day of Rising for people who do it." Then he took abit of camel fluff or something from the ground and said, "By He inwhose hand my self is! What Allah has made spoils for you is not mine- even the like of this! - except for the tax of one fifth, and thetax of one fifth is returned to you." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Muhammadibn Yahya ibn Habban from Ibn Abi Amra that Zayd ibn Khalid al-Juhanisaid, "A man died on the day of Hunayn, and they mentioned him to theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace." Zaydclaimed that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, said, "You pray over your companion." (i.e. he would not prayhimself). The people's faces dropped at that. Zayd claimed that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"Your companion stole from the spoils taken in the way of Allah." Zaydsaid, "So we opened up his baggage and found some Jews' beads worthabout two dirhams." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abdullahibn al-Mughira ibn Abi Burda al-Kinani that he had heard that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came tothe people in their tribes and made dua for them, but left out one ofthe tribes. Abdullah related, "The tribe found an onyx necklace in thesaddle-bags of one of their men. The Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, came to them, and then did the takbirover them as one does the takbir over the dead." Yahya related to me from Malik from Thawr ibn Zayd ad-Dili fromAbu'l-Ghayth Salim, the mawla of ibn Muti that Abu Hurayra said, "Wewent out with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, in the yearof Khaybar. We did not capture any gold orsilver except for personal effects, clothes, and baggage. Rifaa ibnZayd presented a black slave boy to the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, whose name was Midam. The Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, made for Wadi'l-Qura,and when he arrived there, Midam was unsaddling the camel of theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, when astray arrow struck and killed him. The people said, 'Good luck to him!The Garden!' The Messenger of Allah said, 'No! By He in whose hand myself is! The cloak which he took from the spoils on the Day of Khaybarbefore they were distributed will blaze with fire on him.' When thepeople heard that, a man brought a sandal-strap or two sandal-strapsto the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace.The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,'A sandal-strap or two sandal-straps of fire!' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he hadheard that Abdullah ibn Abbas said, "Stealing from the spoils does notappear in a people but that terror is cast into their hearts.Fornication does not spread in a people but that there is much deathamong them. A people do not lessen the measure and weight but thatprovision is cut off from them. A people do not judge without rightbut that blood spreads among them. A people do not betray the pledgebut that Allah gives their enemies power over them." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "By He in whose hand my self is! I would like tofight in the way of Allah and be killed, then be brought to life againso I could be killed, and then be brought to life again so I could bekilled." Abu Hurayra said three times, "I testify to it by Allah!" Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Allah laughs at two men. One of them kills the other, but each of them will enter the Garden: one fights in the wayof Allah and is killed, then Allah turns to the killer, so he fights(in the way of Allah) and also becomes a martyr." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "By He in whose hand my self is! None of you iswounded in the way of Allah - and Allah knows best who is wounded inHisWay, but that when the Day of Rising comes, blood will gush forthfrom his wound. It will be the colour of blood, but its scent will bethat of musk." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Umar ibnal-Khattab used to say, "O Allah! Do not let me be slain by the handof a man who has prayed a single prostration to You with which he willdispute with me before You on the Day of Rising!" Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Said al-Maqburi from Abdullah ibn Abi Qatada that his father had said that aman came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, and said, "O Messenger of Allah! If I am killed in the way ofAllah, expectant for reward, sincere, advancing, and not retreating,will Allah pardon my faults?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "Yes." When the man turned away, theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, calledhim - or commanded him and he was called to him. The Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "What didyou say?" He repeated his words to him, and the Prophet, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said to him, "Yes, except for the debt.Jibril said that to me." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n-Nadr, the mawla of Umaribn Ubaydullah that he had heard that the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, said over the martyrs of Uhud, "Itestify for them." Abu Bakr as-Siddiq said, "Messenger of Allah! Arewe not their brothers? We entered Islam as they entered Islam and wedid jihad as they did jihad." The Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "Yes, but I do not know what you willdo after me." Abu Bakr wept profusely and said, "Are we really goingto out-live you!" Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said said, "TheMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wassitting by a grave which was being dug at Madina. A man looked intothe grave and said, 'An awful bed for the mumin. 'The Messenger ofAllah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, 'Evil? What youhave said is absolutely wrong.' The man said, 'I didn't meanthat, Messenger of Allah. I meant being killed in the way of Allah.'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,'Being killed in the way of Allah has no like! There is no place onthe earth which I would prefer my grave to be than here (meaningMadina). He repeated it three times.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Umar ibnal-Khattab used to say, "O Allah! I ask you for martyrdom in Your wayand death in the city of Your Messenger!" Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Umar ibnal-Khattab said, "The nobility of the mumin is his taqwa. His deen ishis noble descent. His manliness is his good character. Boldness andcowardice are but instincts which Allah places wherever He wills. Thecoward shrinks from defending even his father and mother, and the boldone fights for the sake of the combat not for the spoils. Being slainis but one way of meeting death, and the martyr is the one who giveshimself, expectant of reward from Allah." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umarthat Umar ibn al-Khattab was washed and shrouded and prayed over, yethe was a martyr, may Allah have mercy on him . Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard the people ofknowledge say that martyrs in the way of Allah were not washed, norwere any of them prayed over. They were buried in the garments inwhich they were slain. Malik said, "That is the sunna forsomeone who is killed on the battleground and is not reached until heis already dead. Someone who is carried off and lives for as long asAllah wills after it, is washed and prayed over as was Umar ibn al-Khattab." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Umar ibnal-Khattab in one year gave 40,000 camels as mounts. Sometimes hewould give one man a camel to himself. Sometimes he would give onecamel between two men to take them to Iraq. A man from Iraq came tohim and said, "Give Suhaym and I a mount.''Umar ibn al-Khattab said tohim,"l demand from you, by Allah!, is Suhaym a water skin?" He said,"Yes." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn AbiTalha that Anas ibn Malik had said that when the Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to Quba, he visited UmmHaram bint Milhan and she fed him. Umm Haram was the wife of Ubada ibnas-Samit. One day the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had called on her and she had fed him, and sat downto delouse his hair. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had dozed and woke up smiling. Umm Haram said, "Whatis making you smile, Messenger of Allah?" He said, "Some of mycommunity were presented to me, raiding in the way of Allah. They wereriding in the middle of the sea, kings on thrones, or like kings onthrones." (Ishaq wasn't sure). She said, "O Messenger of Allah! AskAllah to put me among them!" So he had made a dua for her, and put hishead down and slept. Then he had woken up smiling, and she said tohim, "Messenger of Allah, why are you smiling?" He said, "Some of mycommunity were presented to me, raiding in the way of Allah. They werekings on thrones or like kings on thrones," as he had said in thefirst one. She said, "O Messenger of Allah! Ask Allah to put me amongthem!" He said, "You are among the first." Ishaq added, "Shetravelled on the sea in the time of Muawiya, and when she landed, shewas thrown from her mount and killed." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abu Salihas-Samman from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, "Had I not been concerned for mycommunity, I would have liked never to stay behind a raiding partygoing out in the way of Allah. However, I do not find the means tocarry them to it, nor do they find anything on which to ride out andit is grievous for them that they should stay behind me. I would liketo fight in the way of Allah and be killed, then brought to life so Icould be killed and then brought to life so I could be killed." Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said said, "On theDay of Uhud, The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, said, 'Who will bring me news of Sad ibn al-Rabi al-Ansari?' aman said, 'Me, Messenger of Allah!' So the man went around among theslain, and Sad ibn al-Rabi said to him, 'What are you doing?' The mansaid to him, 'The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, sent me to bring him news of you.' He said, 'Go to him, andgive him my greetings, and tell him that I have been stabbed twelvetimes, and am mortally wounded. Tell your people that they will haveno excuse with Allah if the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, is slain while one of them is still alive.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,stimulated people for jihad and mentioned the Garden. One of the Ansarwas eating some dates in his hand, and said, "Am I so desirous of thisworld that I should sit until I finish them?" He threw aside what wasin his hand and took his sword, and fought until he was slain . Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Muadh ibnJabal said, "There are two military expeditions. There is one militaryexpedition in which valuables are spent, the contributor is willing,the authorities are obeyed, and corruption is avoided. That militaryexpedition is all good. There is a military expedition in whichvaluables are not spent, the contributor is not willing, theauthorities are not obeyed, and corruption is not avoided. The one whofights in that military expedition does not return with reward." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umarthat the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said, "Blessing is in the forelocks of horses until the Day ofRising." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Abdullah ibn Umarthat the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,held a race between horses which had been made lean by training, fromal-Hafya to Thaniyatu-lWada. He held a race between horses which hadnot been made lean from the Thaniya (a mountain pass near Madina) tothe mosque of the Banu Zurayq. Abdullah ibn Umar was among those whoraced them . Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said heard Said ibnal-Musayyab say, "There is no harm in placing stakes on horses if athird horse enters it. The winner takes the stake, and there is nofine against the loser." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, was seenwiping the face of his horse with his cloak. He was questioned aboutit and said, "I was reproached in the night about horses." i.e. nottaking care of them. Yahya related to me from Malik from Humayd at-Tawil from Anas ibnMalik that when the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, went out to Khaybar, he arrived there at night, and when hecame upon a people by night, he did not attack until morning. In themorning, the jews came out with their spades and baskets. When theysaw him, they said, "Muhammad! By Allah, Muhammad and his army!" TheMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said"Allah is greater! Khaybar is destroyed. When we come to a people, itis an evil morning for those who have been warned . " Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Humayd ibnAbd ar-Rahman ibn Awf from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Whoever hands over twoof any type of property in the way of Allah is called to the Garden,with the words 'O slave of Allah! This is good!' Whoever is among thepeople of prayer, is called from the gate of prayer. Whoever is amongthe people of jihad is called from the gate of jihad. Whoever is amongthe people of sadaqa, is called from the gate of sadaqa. Whoever isamong the people of fasting, is called from the gate of the well-watered. (Bab ar-Rayyan)." Abu Bakr as-Siddiq said,"Messenger of Allah! Is it absolutely necessary that one be calledfrom one of these gates? Can someone be called from all of thesegates?" He said, "Yes, and I hope you are among them ." 21.20Acquisition of the Land of Those who Surrender from the People ofDhimma Malik was asked whether, when an imam had accepted jizya from apeople and they gave it, he thought that the land of one of them whosurrendered belonged to him or whether his land and property belongedto the Muslims. Malik said, "That varies. As for the people of peace,if one of them surrenders, then he is entitled to his land andproperty. As for the people of force who use force, if one of themsurrenders, his land and property belong to the Muslims because thepeople of force are overcome in their towns, and it becomes booty forthe Muslims. As for the people of peace, their property and selves areprotected so that they make peace for them. Only what they have madepeace for is obliged of them." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Sasacathat he had heard that Amr ibn al-Jamuh al-Ansari and Abdullah ibnUmar al-Ansari, both of the tribe of Banu Salami, had their graveuncovered by a flood. Their grave was part of what was left after theflood. They were in the same grave, and they were among those martyredat Uhud. They were dug up so that they might be moved. They were foundunchanged. It was as if they had died only the day before. One of themhad been wounded, and he had put his hand over his wound and had beenburied like that. His hand was pulled away from his wound andreleased, and it returned to where it had been. It was forty-six yearsbetween Uhud and the day they were dug up. Malik said, "Thereis no harm in burying two or three men in the same grave due tonecessity. The oldest one is put next to the qibla." Yahya related to me from Malik that Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahmansaid, "Property was sent to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq from Bahrayn. He said,'If someone had a promise or a pledge with the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, let him come to me.' So Jabir ibnAbdullah came to him, and he gave him three times as much of it aswould fill both hands.''