2. Purity

Yahya related to me from Malik from Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini thathis father once asked Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Asim, who was thegrandfather of Amr ibn Yahya al-Mazini and one of the companions ofthe Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, if hecould show him how the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, did wudu. Abdullah ibn Zayd ibn Asim agreed to do soand asked for water to do wudu. He poured some out on to his hand andwashed each hand twice and then rinsed his mouth and snuffed water uphis nose and blew it out three times.Then he washed hisface threetimes and both of his arms up to the elbows twice. He then wiped hishead with both hands, taking his hands from hisforehead to the nape ofhis neck and then bringing them back to where he had begun. Then hewashed his feet. Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'zZinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "When you do wudu, snuff water into your nose andblow it out, and if you use stones to clean your private parts use anodd number." Yahya related to me from Ibn Shihab from Abu Idris al-Khawlanifrom Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "The person doing wudu should snuff water uphis nose and blow it out again." Yahya said that he heard Malik say that there was no harm inwashing the mouth and cleaning the nose with only one handful ofwater. Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abd ar-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr was visiting A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, mayAIIah bless him and grant him peace, on the day that Sad ibn AbiWaqqas died, and he asked for some water to do wudu. A'isha said tohim, ''Abd ar-Rahman! Perform your wudu fully, for I heard theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'Woeto the heels in the fire.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Muhammad ibnTalhafrom Uthman ibn Abd ar-Rahman that his father related to him thathe had heard that Umar ibn al-Khattab used to wash what was beneathhis waist wrapper with water. Yahya said that Malik was asked what a man should do if, when hedid wudu, he forgot and washed his face before he had rinsed hismouth, or washed his forearms before he had washed his face. He said,"If someone washes his face before rinsing his mouth, he should rinsehis mouth and not wash his face again. If someone washes his forearmsbefore his face, however, he should wash his forearms again so that hehas washed them after his face. This is if he is still near the place(of wudu)." Yahya said that Malik was asked about what a man should do if hehad forgotten to rinse his mouth and nose until he had prayed, and hesaid, "He does not have to repeat the prayer, but should rinse hismouth and nose if he wishes to do any more prayers after that." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'zZinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "When you wake up from sleep to pray, wash your handsbefore you put them in the wudu water, for you do not know where yourhands have spent the night." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that Umar ibnal-Khattab said, "If you fall asleep Iying down you must do wudu (before you pray) . " Yahya related to me from Malik from Zaydibn Aslam that the ayat "You who believe! When you rise for prayerwash your faces, and your arms to the elbows, and wipe over your headsand your feet up to the ankles," refers to rising from bed, meaningsleep. Yahya said that Malik said, "The situation with us isthat one does not have to do wudu for a nose-bleed, or for blood, orfor pus issuing from the body. One only has to do wudu for impuritieswhich issue from the genitals or the anus, or for sleep." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafithat Ibn Umar used to sleepsitting and then would pray without doing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik from Safwan ibn Sulaym from Saidibn Salama of the Bani Azraq from al-Mughira ibn Abi Burda of thetribe of Bani Abd ad-Dar that he had heard Abu Hurayra speak about aman who came to the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, and said, "Messenger of Allah! We travel by sea and we donot carry much fresh water with us so if we do wudu with it we gothirsty. Can we do wudu with seawater?" The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, replied, "lts water is pure, andits dead creatures are halal." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn AbiTalha from Humayda bint Abi Ubayda ibn Farwa that her maternal auntKabsha bint Kab ibn Malik, who was the wife of the son of Abu Qatadaal-Ansari, told her that once Abu Qatada was visiting her and shepoured out some water for him to do wudu with. Just then a cat came todrink from it, so he tilted the vessel towards it to let it drink.Kabsha continued, "He saw me looking at him and said, 'Are yousurprised, daughter of my brother?' I said, 'Yes.' He replied that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,cats are not impure. They intermingle with you .' " Yahyasaid that Malik said, "There is no harm in that unless one seesimpurities on the cat's mouth." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Muhammadibn Ibrahim ibn alHarith at-Taymi from Yahya ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibnHatib that Umar ibn al-Khattab set out on one occasion with a party ofriders, one of whom was Amr ibn al-As. They came to a watering placeand Amr ibn al-As asked the man who owned it whether wild beasts drankfrom it. Umar ibn al-Khattab told the owner of the watering place notto answer, since the people drank after the wild beasts and the wildbeasts drank after them. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to say that men and their wives used to do wudu together in thetime of the Messenger of Allah. Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn Umara fromMuhammad ibn Ibrahim that the mother of the son of Ibrahim ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf questioned Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, and said, "I am a woman who wearsa long skirt and (sometimes) I walk in dirty places." Umm Salamareplied, "The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, said, 'What follows (i.e. clean places) purifies it.' " Yahya related to me from Malik that he saw Rabia ibn Abd ar-Rahman vomit several times when he was in the mosque and he did notleave, nor did he do wudu before he prayed. Yahya said thatMalik was asked whether a man who vomited food had to do wudu and hesaid, "He does not have to do wudu, but he should rinse the inside ofhis mouth and wash his mouth out." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarprepared the body of one of Said ibn Zayd's sons for burial andcarried it and then entered the mosque and prayed without doing wudu. Yahya said that Malik was asked whether it was necessary todo wudu because of regurgitating undigested food and he said, "No,wudu is not necessary, but the mouth should be rinsed." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd Aslam from Ata ibn Yasarfrom Abdullah Abbas that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, ate a shoulder of lamb and then prayed withoutdoing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Bushayribn Yasar, the mawla of the Bani Haritha, that Suwayd ibn anNuman toldhim that he went with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, on the expedition to Khaybar. When they reached asSuhba, which was near Khaybar, the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, stopped and prayed asr. He asked forprovisions but only parched barley was brought, so he asked for it tobe moistened. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, ate and the people ate with him. Then he got up to domaghrib and rinsed his mouth out and they rinsed out theirs. Then heprayed without doing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik that both Muhammad ibn al-Munkadirand Safwan ibn Sulaym transmitted to him from Muhammad ibn Ibrahim ibnal-Harith at-Taymi from Rabia ibn Abdullah ibn al-Hudayr that he hadeaten an evening meal with Umar ibn al-Khattab who then prayed withoutdoing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik from Damra ibn Said al-Mazini fromAban ibn Uthman that Uthman ibn Affan ate bread and meat, rinsed hismouth out, washed his hands and wiped his face with them, and thenprayed without doing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Ali ibn AbiTalib and Abdullah ibn Abbas did not do wudu after eating cooked food. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he askedAbdullah ibn Amir ibn Rabia whether a man who did wudu for prayer andthen ate cooked food had to do wudu again. He said, "I saw my fatherdo that without doing wudu ." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu Nuaym Wahb ibn Kaysanthat he heard Jabir ibn Abdullah al-Ansari saying, "I saw Abu Bakr as-Siddiq eat meat and then pray without doing wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik from Muhammad ibn al-Munkadir thatthe Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, wasinvited to eat, and some bread and meat was brought to him. He atesome of it, and then did wudu and prayed. Then more of the same foodwas brought and he ate some more and then prayed without doing wudu. It was related to me from Malik from Musa ibn Uqba from Abd ar-Rahman ibn Yazid al-Ansari that when Anas ibn Malik came back fromIraq, Abu Talha and Ubayy ibn Kab visited him. He brought them somecooked food and they ate, and then Anas got up and did wudu. Abu Talhaand Ubayy ibn Kab asked, "What's this, Anas? Is it an Iraqi custom?"and Anas said, "I wish I had not done it." (i.e. wudu). Abu Talha andUbayy ibn Kab both got up and prayed without doing wudu. Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, was asked about cleaning after excretion. He replied, "Are anyof you unable to find three stones?" Yahya related to me from Malik from al-Ala ibn Abd ar-Rahman from his father from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, went to the burial grounds and said, "Peace be upon you, home of a people who believe! We shall be among you, Allah willing. I wish that I had seen our brothers!" The people with him said, "Messenger of Allah! Are we not your brothers?" "No," he said, "You are my companions. Our brothers are those who have not yet come. And I will precede them to the Hawd. (The Hawd: the wateringplace of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, fromwhich he will give to the people of his community on the day ofrising.)" They asked him, "Messenger of Allah! How will you recognisethose of your community who come after you?" He said,"Doesn't a man who has horses with white legs and white blazes ontheir foreheads among totally black horses recognise which ones arehis own?" They said, "Of course, Messenger of Allah." He went on,"Even so will they come on the day of rising with white marks on theirforeheads, hands and feet from wudu, and I will precede them to theHawd. Some men will be driven away from the Hawd as if they werestraying camels and I shall call out to them, 'Will you not come? Willyou not come? Will you not come?' and someone will say, 'They changedthings after you,' so I shall say, 'Then away with them, away withthem, away with them!' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from Humran, the mawla of Uthman ibn Affan, that Uthman ibnAffan was once sitting on the Maqaid (the benches surrounding theMadina Mosque, or else a stone near Uthman ibn Affan's house where hesat to discuss with people), when the muadhdhin came and told him thatit was time for the asr prayer. He called for water and did wudu. Thenhe said, "By Allah, I shall tell you something which I would not tellyou if it were not in the Book of Allah. I heard the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If a man doeswudu, and makes sure he does it correctly, and then does the prayer,he will be forgiven everything that he does between then and the timewhen he prays the next prayer.' " Yahya said that Malik said,"I believe he meant this ayat - 'Establish prayer at the two ends ofthe day and in some watches of the night. Good actions take away wrongactions. That is a reminder for those who remember.' " (Sura 11 ayat114). Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from Ata ibnYasar from Abdullah as-Sanabihi that the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, said, "A trusting slave does wudu andas he rinses his mouth the wrong actions leave it. As he cleans hisnose the wrong actions leave it. As he washes his face, the wrongactions leave it, even from underneath his eyelashes. As he washes hishands the wrong actions leave them, even from underneath hisfingernails. As he wipes his head the wrong actions leave it, evenfrom his ears. And as he washes his feet the wrong actions leave them,even from underneath the toenails of both his feet." He added, "Thenhis walking to the mosque and his prayer are an extra reward for him." Yahya related to me from Malik from Suhayl ibn Abi Salih from hisfather from Abu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, said, "A muslim slave (or a trusting slave)does wudu and as he washes his face every wrong action he has seenwith his eyes leaves with the water (or the last drop of water). As hewashes his hands every wrong action he has done with his hands leaveswith the water (orthe last drop of water). And as he washes his feetevery wrong action his feet have walked to leaves with the water (orthe last drop of water) so that he comes away purified of wrongactions." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ishaq ibn Abdullah ibn AbiTalha that Anas ibn Malik said, "I saw the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, on one occasion when the asrprayer was at hand . Everyone was looking for water for wudu but no-one could find any. Then the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, brought some water in a vessel . He put his handinto the vessel and then he told them all to do wudu from it." Anasadded, "I saw water coming out from his fingers. Then all of them tothe last man did wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nuaym ibn Abdullah al-Madanial-Mujmir that he heard Abu Hurayra say, "If someone does wudu anddoes it correctly and then goes off intending to do the prayer, thenhe is in prayer as long as he intends to do the prayer. A good actionis written for every alternate step he makes and a wrong action iserased for the second. When you hear the iqama do not lengthen yourstride, and the one who has the greatest reward is the one whose houseis farthest away." They said, "Why, Abu Hurayra?" He replied, "Becauseof the greater number of steps." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he heardsomeone ask Said ibn al-Musayyab about washing off excreta with water.Said said, "That is the way women wash." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z-Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "If a dog drinks from your vessel, wash it seventimes." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said,"Try to go straight, although you will not be able to do so. Act, andthe best of your actions is the prayer. And only a mumin is constantin his wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused two fingers to take water to his ears. Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Jabir ibnAbdullah al-Ansari was asked about wiping over a turban. He said, "Notunless you have wiped over your hair with water." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that Abu Urwaibn az-Zubayr used to take off his turban and wipe his head withwater. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that she saw Safiyyabint Abi Ubayd, the wife of Abdullah ibn 'Umar, take off her head-covering and wipe her head with water. Nafi was a child at the time. Malik was asked about a man who did wudu but forgot to wipehis head until the water had dried. He said, "I consider that heshould wipe his head and then repeat the prayer if he has alreadyperformed it." Malik was asked about a man who did wudu butforgot to wipe his head until the water had dried. He said, "Iconsider that he should wipe his head and then repeat the prayer if hehas already performed it." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Abbad ibnZiyad, a descendant of al-Mughira ibn Shuba from his father from alMughira ibn Shuba that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, went to relieve himself during the expedition ofTabuk. Mughira said, "I went with him, taking water. Then theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, came backand I poured out the water for him. He washed his hands and then wentto push his hands out of the sleeves of his garment, but could not doso because of their narrowness. So he brought them out from underneathhis garment. Then he washed his arms, wiped his head and wiped overhis leather socks. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, returned and Abdar Rahman ibn Awf was leading thepeople in prayer, and he had already finished one raka with them. TheMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, prayedthe remaining raka with them to everyone's concern. When the Messengerof Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, finished he said,'You have acted correctly.' " Yahya related to me from Malik that Nafi and Abdullah ibn Dinartold him that Abdullah ibn Umar arrived at Kufa and went to Sad ibnAbi Waqqas, who was the Amir of Kufa at that time. Abdullah ibn Umarsaw him wiping over his leather socks and disapproved of it. So Sadsaid to him, "Ask your father when you get back." Abdullah returnedbut forgot to ask Umar about the matter until Sad arrived and said,"Have you asked your father?" and he said, "No." Abdullahthen asked Umar and Umar replied, "If your feet are ritually pure whenyou put them in the leather socks then you can wipe over the socks."Abdullah said ,"What about if we have just come from relievingourselves?" Umar said, "Yes, even if you have just come from relievingyourself." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarurinated in the market place and then did wudu, washing his face andhands and wiping his head. Then as soon as he had come into themosque, he was called to pray over a dead person, so he wiped over hisleather socks and prayed. Yahya related to me from Malik that Said ibn Abd ar-Rahman ibnRuqash said, "I saw Anas ibn Malik come and squat and urinate.Thenwater was brought and he did wudu. He washed his face, then his armsto the elbows, and then he wiped his head and wiped over his leathersocks. Then he came to the mosque and prayed." Yahya saidthat Malik was asked whether a man who did wudu for prayerand then puton his leather socks, and then urinated and took them off and put themback on again, should begin wudu afresh. Malik replied, "Heshould take off his socks and wash his feet. Only someone who puts onleather socks when his feet are (already) ritually purified by wuducan wipe over them. Someone who puts on leather socks when his feetare not ritually purified by wudu, should not wipe over them." Yahya said that Malik was asked about a man who did wudu with hisleather socks on and forgot to wipe over them until the water was dryand he had prayed, and he said, "He should wipe over his socks andrepeat the prayer but not repeat wudu." Malik was asked abouta man who washed his feet and put on his leather socks and thenstarted doing wudu, and he said, "He should take off his socks and dowudu and wash his feet." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that he sawhis father wiping over his leather socks. He said, "When he wiped overhis socks he would never do more than wipe the tops and he would notwipe the bottoms." Yahya related to me that Malik had asked Ibn Shihab how to wipeover leather socks. Ibn Shihab had put one hand under the sock and hisother hand above the sock and then passed them over it. Yahyasaid that Malik said, "Out of all that I have heard about the matter Ilike what Ibn Shihab said the most." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarwould leave and do wudu if he had a nose-bleed and then return andcomplete his prayer without saying anything. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Abbasused to have nose-bleeds and would leave to wash off the blood. Hewould then return and complete his prayer. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yazid ibn Abdullah Qusayt al-Laythi that he saw Said ibn al-Musayyab having a nose-bleed whilepraying. He went off to the room of Umm Salama, the wife of theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and water wasbrought to him and he did wudu. He then returned and completed hisprayer. Yahya related to me that Abd ar-Rahman ibn Harmala al-Aslamisaid, "I saw Said ibn al-Musayyab with his nose bleeding and bloodpoured out of it so that his fingers were all red from the bloodcoming out of his nose, and he prayed without doing wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd ar Rahman ibn al-Mujabbarthat he saw Salim ibn Abdullah with blood running from his nose sothat his fingers were all coloured red. Then he rubbed it and prayedwithout doing wudu. Yahya related to me from Hisham ibn Urwa from his father that al-Miswar ibn Makhrama told him that he had visited Umar ibn al Khattabon the night he was stabbed and had woken him up for the subh prayerand Umar had said, ''Yes. Whoever stops doing the prayer will getnothing from Islam," and he did the prayer with blood pouring from hiswound. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that Said ibnal-Musayyab was asked, "What do you say about someone who is afflictedby a nose-bleed which does not stop? "Malik said that Yahya ibn Saidsaid that Said ibn al Musayyab said, "I say that he should signal withhis head." (i.e. instead of doing sajda or ruku.) Yahya saidthat Malik said, "That is what I like most out of what I have heardabout the matter." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the mawla ofAbdullah ibn Ubaydullah, from Sulayman ibn Yasar from alMiqdad ibn al-Aswad that Ali ibn Abi Talib told him to ask the Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, what a man should do, who,when close to his wife, had a flow of prostatic fluid. Ali explainedthat the daughter of the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, was living with him then and he was too shy to askfor himself. Al-Miqdad said, "I asked the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, about it, and he said, 'When youfind that, wash your genitals with water and do wudu as for prayer.' " Yahya related to me from Zayd ibn Aslam from his father that Umaribn al-Khattab said, "I find it dropping from me like small beads.When you find that, wash your penis and do wudu as for prayer." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam from hisfather that Jundub, the mawla of Abdullah ibn Ayyash, said, "I askedAbdullah ibn Umar about prostatic fluid and he said, 'When you findit, wash your genitals and do wudu as for prayer.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said that he waslistening to Said ibn al-Musayyab and a man questioned him saying, "Idiscover a liquid when I am praying. Should I leave?" Saidibn al-Musayyab said to him, "Even if it were to flow on my leg Iwould not leave until I had finished the prayer." Yahya related to me from Malik that as-Salt ibn Zuyayd said, "Iasked Sulayman ibn Yasar about a liquid I discovered. He said, 'Washwhat is under your garments with water and forget about it.' " Yahya related to me from Malik that Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr ibnMuhammad ibn Amr ibn Hazim heard Urwa ibn az-Zubayr saying, "I went tosee Marwan ibn al-Hakam and we talked about what you had to do wudufor, and Marwan said, 'You have to do wudu if you touch your penis.'Urwa said, 'I didn't know that.' Marwan ibn al-Hakam said that Busrabint Safwan had told him that she heard the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, say, 'If any of you touches hispenis he should do wudu.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Muhammad ibn Sadibn Abi Waqqas that Musab ibn Sad ibn Abi Waqqas said, "I was holdingthe Book for Sad ibn Abi Waqqas and I rubbed myself. Sad said, 'Didyou touch your penis?' I replied, 'Yes,' and he said, 'Get up and dowudu.' So I got up and did wudu and then returned." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to say, "If you touch your penis you have to do wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that hisfather used to say, "If any of you touches his penis he has to dowudu." Yahya related from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Salim ibn Abdullahsaid, "I saw my father Abdullah ibn Umar, do ghusl and then do wudu. Isaid to him, 'Father, isn't ghusl enough for you?' He said, 'Ofcourse, but sometimes I touch my penis, so I do wudu.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Salim ibn 'Abdullahsaid, "I was with Abdullah ibn Umar on a journey and after the sun hadrisen I saw him do wudu and then pray. So I said to him, 'This isn't aprayer that you normally do. 'He said, 'After I had done wudu for thesubh prayer, I touched my genitals. Then I forgot to do wudu. So I didwudu again and repeated my prayer.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Salim ibnAbdullah that his father Abdullah ibn Umar used to say, "A man'skissing his wife and fondling her with his hands are part ofintercourse. Someone who kisses his wife or fondles her with his handmust do wudu." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Abdullahibn Masud used to say, "Wudu is necessary if a man kisses his wife." Yahya related to me from Malik that Ibn Shihab used to say, "Wuduis necessary if a man kisses his wife." Nafi said that Malik said,"That is what I like most out of what I have heard." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from A'isha, umm al-muminin, that whenever the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, did ghusl for majorritual impurity, he would begin by washing his hands, and then do wuduas for prayer. He would then put his fingers in the water and rub theroots of his hair with them. Then he would pour as much water as twohands can hold on to his head three times, and over the entire surfaceof his skin. Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr from A'isha, umm al-muminin, that the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, used to do ghusl for major ritualimpurity from a vessel which contained a faraq. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that when Abdullah ibnUmar used to do ghusl for major ritual impurity he would begin bypouring water on his right hand and washing it. Then, in order, hewould wash his genitals, rinse his mouth, snuff water in and out ofhis nose, wash his face and splash his eyes with water. Then he wouldwash his right arm and then his left, and after that he would wash hishead. He would finish by having a complete wash and pouring water allover himself. Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that A'isha wasasked about how a woman should do ghusl for major ritual impurity. Shesaid, "She should scoop water over her head with both hands threetimes and rub the roots of her hair with her hands." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Said ibn al-Musayyab that Umar ibn al-Khattab and Uthman ibn Affan and A'isha, thewife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used tosay, "When the circumcised part touches the circumcised part, ghusl isobligatory." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'n Nadr, the mawla of Umaribn Abdullah that Abu Salamaibn Abdar-Rahman ibn Awf related that hehad asked A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, what made ghusl obligatory. She said, "Do you knowwhat you are like, Abu Salama? You are like a chick when it hears thecocks crowing and so crows with them. When the circumcised part passesthe circumcised part, ghusl is obligatory." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Said ibnal-Musayyab that Abu Musa al-Ashari came to A'isha, the wife of theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and said to her,"The disagreement of the companions in a matter which I hate to bringbefore you has distressed me." She said, "What is that? You did notask your mother about it, so ask me." He said, "A man penetrates hiswife, but becomes listless and does not ejaculate. "She said, "Whenthe circumcised part passes the circumcised part ghusl is obligatory."Abu Musa added, "I shall never ask anyone about this after you." Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Abdullahibn Kab, the mawla of Uthman ibn Affan that Mahmud ibn Labid al-Ansariasked Zayd ibn Thabit about a man who penetrated his wife but becamelistless and did not ejaculate. Zayd ibn Thabit said, "He does ghusl."Mahmud said to him, "Ubayy ibn Kab used not to think that ghusl wasnecessary," but Zayd ibn Thabit said, "Ubayy ibn Kab drew away fromthat before he died." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to say, "When the circumcised part passes the circumcised part,ghusl is obligatory." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Dinar thatAbdullah ibn Umar related that Umar ibn al-Khattab mentioned to theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, that hewould sometimes become junub in the night. The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, said to him, "Do wudu and washyour penis, and then sleep." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, used to say, "If you have intercourse with your wifeand then wish to go to sleep before doing ghusl, do not sleep untilyou have done wudu as for prayer." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umar,if he wished to sleep or eat while junub, would wash his face, and hisarms to the elbows, and wipe his head. Then he would eat or sleep. 2.20 The Repetition of the Prayer by a Person in a State ofMajor Ritual Impurity, his Doing Ghusl, when He has Prayed withoutRemembering it, and his Washing his Garments. Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Abi Hakim that Ataibn Yasar told him that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, said the takbir in one of the prayers and thenindicated to them with his hand to stay in place. He left and thenreturned with traces of water on his skin. Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that Zuyaydibn as-Salt said, "I went with Umar ibn al-Khattab to Juruf and helooked down and noticed that he had had a wet dream and had prayedwithout doing ghusl. He exclaimed, 'By Allah I realise that I have hada wet dream and did not know it and have not done ghusl.' So he didghusl and washed off whatever he saw on his garment, and sprinkledwith water whatever he did not see.Then he gave the adhan or the iqamaand prayed in the midmorning." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ismail ibn Abi Hakim fromSulayman ibn Yasar that Umar ibn al-Khattab went out early in themorning to his land in al-Juruf and found semen on his garment. Hesaid, "I have been tried with wet dreams since I have been entrustedwith governing the people." He did ghusl and washed his garment ofwhat he saw of the semen, and then prayed after the sun had risen. Yahya related to me from Malik from Yahya ibn Said from Sulaymanibn Yasar that Umar ibn al-Khattab led the people in the subh prayerand then went out to his land in Juruf and found semen on his clothes.He said, "Since we have been eating rich meat our veins have becomefulsome." He did ghusl, washed the semen from his clothing, and didhis prayer again. Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather fromYahyaibn Abd ar-Rahman ibn Ha ib that he had set off forMumra with Umar ibn al-Khattab in a party of riders, among whom wasAmr ibn al-As. Umar ibn al-Khattab dismounted for a rest late at nighton a certain road near a certain oasis. Umar had a wet dream when itwas almost dawn and there was no water among the riding party. He rodeuntil he came to some water and then he began to wash off what he sawof the semen until it had gone. Amr ibn al-As said to him, "It ismorning and there are clothes with us, so allow your garment to bewashed. ''Umar ibn al-Khattab said to him, "I am surprised at you, Amribn al-As! Even if you could find clothes, would everybody be able tofind them? By Allah, if I were to do it, it would become a sunna. No,I wash what I see, and I sprinkle with water what I do not see." Malik spoke about a man who found traces of a wet dream on hisclothes and did not know when it had occurred and did not rememberanything he had seen in his sleep. He said, "Let the intention of hisghusl be from the time when he last slept, and if he has prayed sincethat last sleep he should repeat it. This is because often a man has awet dream and sees nothing, and often he sees something but does nothave an emission. But, if he finds liquid on his garment he must doghusl. This is because Umar repeated what he had prayed after the timehe had last slept and not what was before it." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Urwa ibn az-Zubayr that Umm Sulayman said to the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, "Should a woman do ghusl when sheexperiences the same as a man in her sleep?" The Messenger of Al lahsaid to her, "Yes, she should do ghusl. "A'isha said to her, "Shame onyou! Does a woman see that?" (i.e. a liquid.) The Messenger of Allah,may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said to her, "May your righthand be full of dust. From where does family resemblance come?" Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from Zaynab bint Abi Salama that Umm Salama, the wife of theProphet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, "Umm Salama,the wife of Abu Talha al-Ansari, came to the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, and said, 'Messenger of Allah!Allah is not ashamed of the truth-does a woman have to do ghusl if shehas had an erotic dream?' He said, 'Yes, if she sees any liquid.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to say, "There is no harm in doing ghusl with water that has beenused by one's wife as long as she is not menstruating or in a state ofmajor ritual impurity (junub)." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to sweat in a garment while he was junub and then pray with iton. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that the slave girls ofAbdullah ibn Umar used to wash his feet and bring him a mat of palmleaves while they were menstruating. Malik was asked whethera man who had women and slavegirlscould have intercourse with all ofthem before he did ghusl. He said, "There is no harm in a man havingintercourse with two of his slave girls before he does ghusl. It isdisapproved of, however, to go to a freewoman on another's day. Thereis no harm in making love first to one slave girl and then to anotherwhen one is junub." Malik was asked about a man who was junuband water was put down for him to do ghusl with.Then he forgot and puthis finger into it to find out whether it was hot or cold. Malik said,"If no filth has soiled his fingers, I do not consider that that makesthe water impure." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd arRahman ibn al-Qasimfrom his father that A'isha umm al-muminin said, "We went out on ajourney with the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, and, when we came to Bayda' or Dhat al-Jaysh, a necklace ofmine broke. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, stopped to look for it and the people stopped with him. Therewas no water nearby and the people were not carrying any with them, sothey came to Abu Bakr as-Siddiq and said, 'Don't you see what A'ishahas done? She has made the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, and the people stop when there is no water nearby andthey are not carrying any with them.' " A'isha continued,"Abu Bakr came and the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had fallen asleep with his head on my thigh . AbuBakr said, 'You have made the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless himand grant him peace, and the people stop when there is no water nearbyand they are not carrying any with them ' " She continued,"Abu Bakr remonstrated with me and said whatever Allah willed him tosay, and began to poke me in the waist. The only thing that stopped mefrom moving was that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, had his head on my thigh. The Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, slept until morning found himwith no water. Allah, the Blessed and Exalted, sent down the ayat oftayammum and so they did tayammum. Usayd ibn Hudayr said, 'This is notthe first baraka from you, O family of Abu Bakr.'" A'ishaadded, "We roused the camel I had been on and found the necklace underit." Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum for oneprayer should do tayammum when the time of the next prayer came orwhether the first tayammum was enough. He said, "No, he does tayammumfor every prayer, because he has to look for water for every prayer.If he looks for it and does not find it then he does tayammum." Malik was asked whether a man who did tayammum could lead othersin prayer if they were in wudu. He said, "I prefer that someone elseshould lead them. However, I see no harm in it if he does lead them inprayer." Yahya said that Malik said that a man who didtayammum because he could not find any water, and then stood and saidthe takbir and entered into the prayer, and then someone came withsome water, did not stop his prayer but completed it with tayammum anddid wudu for future prayers. Yahya said that Malik said,"Whoever rises for prayer and does not find water and so does whatAllah has ordered him to do of tayammum has obeyed Allah. Someone whodoes find water is neither purer than him nor more perfect in prayer,because both have been commanded and each does as Allah has commanded.What Allah has commanded as far as wudu is concerned is for the onewho finds water, and tayammum is for the one who does not find waterbefore he enters into the prayer." Malik said that a man whowas in a state of major ritual impurity could do tayammum and read hisportion of Qur'an and do voluntary prayers as long as he did not findany water. This applied only to circumstances in which it wasallowable to pray with tayammum. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarand he were approaching Juruf. When they got to Mirbad, Abdullah gotdown and did tayammum with some good earth. He wiped his face, and hisarms to the elbows, and then prayed. Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Abdullah ibn Umarused to do tayammum up to his elbows. Malik was asked abouthow tayammum was done and what parts were covered and he said, "Strikethe ground once for the face and once for the arms and wipe them tothe elbows." Yahya related to me from Malik from Abd arRahman ibn Harmala thata man asked Said ibn al-Musayyab about what a man who was junub andhad done tayammum should do when he came across water. Said said,"When he comes across water he must do ghusl for what comes after." Malik said about some one who had a wet dream while he was ona journey and there was only enough water for wudu and he was notthirsty and so he did not need to use it for that, "Let him wash hisgenitals, and whatever the semen has fallen on, with the water andthen he does tayammum with good earth as Allah has ordered him." Malik was asked whether a man who was junub and wished to dotayammum but could only find salty earth could do tayammum with thatearth, and whether it was disapproved of to pray on salty earth. Hesaid, "There is no harm in praying on salty earth or in using it to dotayammum, because Allah the Blessed and Exalted has said, '...and dotayammum with good earth.' One is purified by tayammum with everythingthat is earth, whether it is salty or otherwise." Yahya related to me from Malik from Zayd ibn Aslam that a manquestioned the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant himpeace, saying, "What is permitted me from my wife when she ismenstruating?" The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Let her wrap her waist-wrapper round herselftightly, and then what is above that is your concern." Yahya related to me from Malik from Rabia ibn Abi Abd ar-Rahmanthat on one occasion A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah blesshim and grant him peace, was sleeping with the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, in one garment, when suddenly shejumped up sharply. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said to her, "What's the matter with you? Are youlosing blood?", meaning menstruating. She said, "Yes." He said, "Wrapyour waist-wrapper tightly about you, and return to your sleeping-place." Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi that Ubaydullah ibnAbdullah ibn Umar sent a question to A'isha asking her, "May a manfondle his wife when she is menstruating?" She replied, "Let her wrapher waist-wrapper around her lower part and then he may fondle her ifhe wishes." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that Salim ibnAbdullah and Sulayman ibn Yasar were asked whether the husband of amenstruating woman could have sexual intercourse with her when she sawthat she was pure but before she had had a ghusl. They said, "No, notuntil she has had a ghusl." Yahya related to me from Malik from AIqama ibn Abi AIqama thathis mother, the mawla of A'isha, umm al-muminin, said, "Women used tosend little boxes to A'isha, umm al-muminin, with a piece of cottoncloth in each one on which was yellowness from menstrual blood, askingher about the prayer. She said to them, 'Do not be hasty until you seea white discharge." By that she meant purity from menses. Yahya related to me from Malik from Abdullah ibn Abi Bakr fromhis paternal aunt from the daughter of Zayd ibn Thabit that she hadheard that women used to ask for lamps in the middle of the night tocheck their purity. She would criticise them for this saying, "Womennever used to do this," i.e. in the time of the companions. Malik was asked whether a woman whose period had finished coulddo tayammum to purify herself if she could not find waterand he said,"Yes, because she is like some one in a state of major ritualimpurity, who, if he cannot find water, does tayammum." Yahya related to me from Malik that he had heard that A'isha, thewife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, saidthat a pregnant woman who noticed bleeding left off from prayer. Yahya related to me from Malik that he asked Ibn Shihab about apregnant woman who noticed bleeding. Ibn Shihab replied, "She refrainsfrom prayer." Yahya said that Malik said, "That is what isdone in our community." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "I used to comb the head of the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, while I wasmenstruating." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from Fatima bint al-Mundhir ibn az-Zubayr that Asma bint AbuBakr as-Siddiq said, "A woman questioned the Messenger of Allah, mayAllah bless him and grant him peace, saying, 'If menstrual blood getsonto our clothes how do you think we should deal with it?' TheMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'Ifmenstrual blood gets onto your clothes you should wash them, andsprinkle them with water before you pray in them.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "Fatima bint Abu Hubaysh said, 'Messenger ofAllah, I never become pure - am I permitted to pray?' The Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, said, 'That is a vein,not menstruation. So when your period approaches, leave off from theprayer, and when its grip leaves, wash the blood from yourself andpray.' " Yahya related to me from Malik from Nafi from Sulayman ibnYasarfrom Umm Salama, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, that a certain woman in the time of the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, used to bleedprofusely, so Umm Salama consulted the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace, for her, and he said, "She shouldcalculate the number of nights and days a month that she used tomenstruate before it started happening, and she should leave off fromprayerfor that much of the month. When she has completed that sheshould do ghusl, bind her private parts with a cloth, and then pray." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather from Zaynab bint Abu Salama that she saw Zaynab bint Jahsh, thewife of Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf, and she used to bleed as ifmenstruating. She would do ghusl and pray. Yahya related to me from Malik from Sumayy, the mawla of Abu Bakribn Abd ar-Rahman that al-Qaqa ibn Hakim and Zayd ibn Aslam sent himto Said ibn al-Musayyab to ask how a woman who was bleeding as ifmenstruating should do ghusl. Said said, "She does a ghusl to coverfrom the end of one period to the end of the next, and does wudu forevery prayer, and if bleeding overtakes her she should bind herprivate parts." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa that hisfather said, "A woman who bleeds as if menstruating only has to do oneghusl, and then after that she does wudu for each prayer." Yahya said that Malik said, "The position with us is that when a womanwho bleeds as if menstruating starts to do the prayer again, herhusband can have sexual intercourse with her. Similarly, if a womanwho has given birth sees blood after she has reached the fullestextent that bleeding normally restrains women, her husband can havesexual intercourse with her and she is in the same position as a womanwho bleeds as if menstruating." Yahya said that Malik said,"The position with us concerning a woman who bleeds as if menstruatingis founded on the hadith of Hisham ibn Urwa from his father, and it iswhat I prefer the most of what I have heard about the matter." Yahya related to me from Malik from Hisham ibn Urwa from hisfather that A'isha, the wife of the Prophet, may Allah bless him andgrant him peace, said, "An infant boy was brought to the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and it urinated onhim. The Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,called for some water and rubbed over the urine with it." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Ubaydullahibn Abdullah ibn Utba ibn Masud from Umm Qays ibn Mihsan that shebrought a baby boy of hers who was not yet eating food to theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, and hesat it in his arms and it urinated on his garment, so the Messenger ofAllah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, called for some waterand sprinkled over it but did not wash it. Yahya related to me from Malik that Yahya ibn Said said, "ABedouin came into the mosque and uncovered his private parts tourinate. The people called out to him and began to raise their voicesbut the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said ,'Let him be. 'So they let him be and he urinated. Then theMessenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace, ordered abucketful of water to be brought and it was poured on the place." Yahya related to mefrom Malikthat Abdullah ibn Dinar said, "I sawAbdullah ibn Umar urinating while standing." Yahya said thatMalik was asked if any hadith had come down about washing the privateparts of urine and faeces and he said, "I have heard that some ofthose who have passed away used to wash themselves of faeces. I liketo wash my private parts of urine." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Ibn as-Sabbaqthat the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and grant him peace,said in a jumua, "Muslims! Allah has made this day a festival day (id)so do ghusl, and it will not harm whoever has perfume to apply some ofit, and use a tooth-stick . " Yahya related to me from Malik from Abu'z Zinad from al-Araj fromAbu Hurayra that the Messenger of Allah, may Allah bless him and granthim peace, said, "Were it not that I would be overburdening mycommunity I would have ordered them to use a tooth-stick." Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab from Humayd ibnAbdar-Rahman ibn Awf that Abu Hurayra said, "Were it not that he wouldbe overburdening his community he (the Messenger of Allah, may Allahbless him and grant him peace,) would have ordered them to use atooth-stick with each wudu."