47. The Book of Knowledge
The Prohibition Of, And Warning Against Seeking Out Verses Of The Quran Whose Meanings Are Not Decisive; The Prohibition Of Arguing About The Qur'an
'A'isha reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) recited (these verses of the Qur'an): " He it is Who revealed to thee (Muhammad) the Book (the Qur'an) wherein there are clear revelations-these are the substance of the Book and others are allegorical (verses). And as for those who have a yearning for error they go after the allegorical verses seeking (to cause) dissension, by seeking to explain them. And none knows their implications but Allah, and those who are sound in knowledge say: We affirm our faith in everything which is from our Lord. It is only the persons of understanding who really heed" (iii. 6). 'A'isha (further) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said (in connection with these verses): When you see such verses, avoid them, for it is they whom Allah has pointed out (in the mentioned verses). 'Abdullah b. 'Umar reported: I went to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) in the morning and he heard the voice of two persons who had an argumentation with each other about a verse. Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) came to us (and) the (signs) of anger could be seen on his face. He said: Verily, the (peoples) before you were ruined because of their disputation in the Book. Jundub b. 'Abdullah al-Bajali reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Recite the Qur'an as long as your hearts agree to do so, and when you feel variance between them (between your hearts and tongues), then get up (and leave its recital for the time being). Jundub (i. e. Ibn 'Abdullah) reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: Recite the Qur'an as long as your hearts agree to do so and when you find variance between them, then stand up. Abu Imran reported that Jundub told us as we we-re young boys living in Kilfa, that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) had said: Recite the Qur'an. The rest of the hadith is the same.
The One Who Is Harsh In Arguing
'A'isha reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The most despicable amongst persons in the eye of Allah is one who tries to fall into dispute with others (for nothing but only to display his knowledge and power of argumentation).
Following The Ways Of The Jews And Christians
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: You would tread the same path as was trodden by those before you inch by inch and step by step so much so that if they had entered into the hole of the lizard, you would follow them in this also. We said: Allah's Messenger, do you mean Jews and Christians (by your words)" those before you"? He said: Who else (than those two religious groups)? This hadith is reported through Muhammad bin Muttarif from Zayd bin Aslam with the same chain. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Ata' b. Yasir through another chain of transmitters.
The Destruction Of Those Who Go To Extremes
Abdullah reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Ruined, were those who indulged in hair-splitting. He (the Holy Prophet) repeated this thrice.
The Taking Away Of Knowledge And The Spread Of Ignorance At The End Of Time
Anas b. Malik reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: It is from the conditions of the Last Hour that knowledge would be taken away and ignorance would prevail (upon the world), the liquor would be drunk, and adultery would become rampant. Qatida reported that Anas b. Malik said: May I not narrate to you a hadith which I heard from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) which no one would narrate to you after me who would have personally heard it from him (the Holy Prophet) (as I have the good fortune to do so)? -" It is from the signs of the Last Hour that knowledge would be taken away, ignorance would prevail upon (the world), adultery would become common, wine would be drunk, the number of men will fall short and the women would survive (and thus such a disparity would arise in the number of men and women) that there would be one man to look after fifty women. This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Anas b. Malik through another chain of narrators, but with a slight variation of wording. Abu Wa'il reported: I was sitting with 'Abdullah and Abu Musa that they reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) having said: Prior to the Last Hour, there would be a time when knowledge would be taken away, and ignorance would take its place and there would be bloodshed on a large scale. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah (b. Mas'ud) and Abu Musa (al-Asha'ri) through other chains of transmitters. A hadith like this has been narrated on the authority of Abu Musa through another chain of transmitters. Abu Wa'il reported: I was sitting with Abu Musa and 'Abdullah and they were conversing with each other and Abu Musa reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying (that we find in the above-mentioned ahadith). Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: (When) the time would draw close to the Last Hour, knowledge would be snatched away, turmoil would be rampant, miserliness would be put (in the hearts of the people) and therewould be much bloodshed. They said: What is al-harj? Thereupon he said: It is bloodshed. This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Huraira with a slight variation of wording. Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) having said: The time would draw close to the Last Hour and knowledge would decrease. The rest of the hadith is the same. This hadith has been transmitted on the authority of Abu Huraira through other chains of narrators and there is no mention of: " Miserliness would be put (in the hearts of the people)." 'Abdullah b. 'Amr b. al-'As reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: Verily, Allah does not take away knowledge by snatching it from the people but He takes away knowledge by taking away the scholars, so that when He leaves no learned person, people turn to the ignorant as their leaders; then they are asked to deliver religious verdicts and they deliver them without knowledge, they go astray, and lead others astray. This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Umar through other chains of transmitters, but in the hadith transmitted by Umar b. 'Ali there is an addition of these words: , I met 'Abdullah b. 'Amr at the end of the year and I asked him about it, and he narrated to us the hadith as he had narrated before that he had heard Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying.... (The rest of the hadith is the same). This hadith has been narrated on the authority of 'Abdullah b. Amr b. al-'As through another chain of transmitters. 'Urwa b. Zubair reported that 'A'isha said to him: This news has reached me that 'Abdullah b. 'Amr al-'As would pass by us during the Hajj season, so you meet him and ask him (about religious matters) as he has acquired great knowledge from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). I thus met him and asked him about things which he narrated from Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). And amongst these the one he mentioned was that Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) said: Verily, Allah does not take away knowledge from people directly but he takes away the scholars and consequently takes away (knowledge) along with them and leaves amongst persons the ignorant as their leaders who deliver religious verdicts without (adequate) knowledge and themselves go astray and lead others astray. 'Urwa said: When I narrated this to 'A'isha, she deemed it too much (to believe) and thus showed reluctance to accept that (as perfectly true) and said to, 'Urwa: Did he ('Abdullah b. 'Amr) say to you that he had heard Allah's Apostle (ﷺ) as saying: ('Urwa had forgotten to ask this from 'Abdullah b. 'Amr). So when it was the next year, she ('A'isha) said to him ('Urwa): Ibn Amr has come (for Hajj), so meet him. talk to him and ask him about this hadith that he narrated to You (last year on the occasion of the Hajj) pertaining to knowledge. He ('Urwa), said: So I met him, and asked about it and he narrated to me exactly like one that he had narrated (to me) for the first time. So when I informed her ('A'isha) about that, she said: I do not think but this that he has certainly told the truth and I find that be has neither made any addition to it, nor missed anything from it.
The One Who Starts Something Good Or Something Bad; The One Who Calls Others To Guidance Or Misguidance
Jarir b. Abdullah reported that some desert Arabs clad in woollen clothes came to Allah's Messenger (ﷺ). He saw them in sad plight as they had been hard pressed by need. He (the Holy Prophet) exhorted people to give charity, but they showed some reluctance until (signs) of anger could be seen on his face. Then a person from the Ansar came with a purse containing silver. Then came another person and then other persons followed them in succession until signs of happiness could be seen on his (sacred) face. Thereupon Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said: He who introduced some good practice in Islam which was followed after him (by people) he would be assured of reward like one who followed it, without their rewards being diminished in any respect. And he who introduced some evil practice in Islam which had been followed subsequently (by others), he would be required to bear the burden like that of one who followed this (evil practice) without their's being diminished in any respect. Jarir reported that Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) delivered an address in which he exhorted people to give charity. Jarir b. 'Abdullah reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: The servant does not introduce good practice which is followed after him.... The rest of the hadith is the same. Jarir transmitted this hadith from his father through several other chains of narrators. Abu Huraira reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) as saying: He who called (people) to righteousness, there would be reward (assured) for him like the rewards of those who adhered to it, without their rewards being diminished in any respect. And he who called (people) to error, he shall have to carry (the burden) of its sin, like those who committed it, without their sins being diminished in any respect.