12. The Chapters on Business Transactions

It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The best (most pure) food a man consumes is that which he has earned himself, and his child (and his child's wealth) is part of his earnings." It was narrated from Miqdam bin Ma'dikarib (Ar- Zubaidi) that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "No man earns anything better than that which he earns with his own hands, and what a man spends on himself, his wife, his child and his servant, then it is charity." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The trustworthy, honest Muslim merchant will be with the martyrs on the Day of Resurrection." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'The one who strives to support the widow and the poor is like a Mujahid who fights in the cause of Allah, and like one who stands in the night (in voluntary prayer) and fasts by day." It was narrated from Mu'adh bin 'Abdullah bin Khubaib, from his father, that his paternal uncle said: "We were sitting in a gathering, and the Prophet (ﷺ) came with traces of water on his head. One of us said to him: 'We see that you are of good cheer today.' He said: 'Yes, praise is to Allah.' Then he spoke to the people about being rich. He said: 'There is nothing wrong with being rich for one who has piety, but good health for one who has piety is better than riches, and being of good cheer is a blessing." It was narrated from Abu Humaid As-Sa'idi that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Be moderate in seeking worldly things, for everyone will be facilitated for which he was created." It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: The one who has the most concerns is the believer who is concerned about both his worldly affairs and his Hereafter."' (Da'if)Abu 'Abdullah said: "This Hadith is Gharib' Isma'il, alone, has narrated it." It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "O people, fear Allah and be moderate in seeking a living, for no soul will die until it has received all its provision, even if it is slow in coming. So fear Allah and be moderate in seeking provision; take that which is permissible and leave that which is forbidden. " It was narrated that Qais bin Abu Gharazah said: "At the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) we used to be called brokers, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed by us and called by a name that was better than that. He said: 'O merchants, selling involves (false) oaths and idle talk, so mix some charity with it."' It was narrated from Isma'il bin 'Ubaid bin Rifa'ah, from his father, that his grandfather Rifa'ah said: "We went out with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the people were trading early in the morning. He called them: 'O merchants!' and when they looked up and craned their necks, he said : 'The merchants will be raised on the Day of Resurrection as immoral people, apart from those who fear Allah and act righteously and speak the truth (i.e. those who are honest)."' It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever achieves at something, let him stick with It.'" It was narrated that Nafi' said: I used to send trade goods to Sham and Egypt, then I prepared to send trade goods to 'Iraq. I went to 'Aishah, the Mother of the Believers, and said to her: " O Mother of the Believers I used to send trade goods to Sham and I am preparing to send trade goods to 'Iraq." She said: "Do not do that. What is wrong with the way you have been doing it? I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'If Allah causes provision to come to one of you through a certain means, he should not leave it unless it changes or deteriorates." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Allah has not sent any Prophet but he was a shepherd." His Companions said to him: "Even you, O Messenger of Allah?" He said: "Even me I used to tend the sheep of the people of Makkah for a few Qirats." (Sahih)(One of the narrators) Suwaid said: " Meaning one Qirat for every sheep." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Zakariyya was a carpenter." It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The image-makers will be punished on the Day of Resurrection and will be told: 'Give life to that which you have created.' " It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The most dishonest of people are the dyers and the goldsmiths. "[1] It was narrated from 'Umar bin Khattab that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The importer is blessed with provision and the hoarder is cursed." It was narrated from Ma'mar bin 'Abdullah bin Nadlah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "No one hoards but a sinner."' It was narrated that 'Umar bin Khattab said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever hoards food (and keeps it from) the Muslims, Allah will afflict him with leprosy and bankruptcy."' It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent us, thirty horsemen, on a military campaign. We camped near some people and asked them for hospitality but they refused. Then their leader was stung by a scorpion and they said: 'Is there anyone among you who can recite Ruqyah for a scorpion sting?' I said: 'Yes, I can, but I will not recite Ruqyah for him until you give us some sheep.' They said: 'We will give you thirty sheep.' So we accepted them, and I recited Al-Hamd (i.e. Al-Fatihah) over him seven times. Then he recovered, and I took the sheep. Then some doubts occurred within ourselves. Then we said: 'Let us not hasten (to make a decision concerning the sheep) until we come to the Prophet (ﷺ)' So when we came back: 'I told him what I had done. He said: 'How did you know that it is a Ruqyah? Divide them up and give me a share as well.'" It was narrated that 'Ubadah bin Samit said: "I taught people from Ahtus-Suffah" Qur'an and how to write, and one of them gave me a bow. I said: 'It is not money, and I can shoot (with it) for the sake of Allah., I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) about it and he said: 'If it would please you to have a necklace of fire placed around your neck, then accept it.'" It was narrated that Ubayy bin Ka'b said: "I taught a man the Qur'an, and he gave me a bow. I mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he said: 'If you accept it you will be accepting a bow of fire.' So I returned it." It was narrated from Abu Mas'ud that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the price of a dog, the payment (given to a prostitute) and the payment made to a soothsayer. It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the price of a dog and studding a stallion." lt was narrated from Abu Az-Zubair that Jabir said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the price of a cat." It was narrated from Ibn 'Abbas that : the Prophet (ﷺ) was treated with cupping and he gave him (the cupper) his wages. (Sahih)Ibn Abu 'Umar was alone in narrating it. That was said by Ibn Majah. [1] It was narrated that 'Ali said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) was treated with cupping and he told me to give the cupper his wages." It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that: the Prophet (ﷺ) was treated with cupping and gave the cupper his wages. It was narrated that Abu Mas'ud, 'Uqbah bin 'Amr, said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), forbade the earnings of a cupper." It was narrated from Haram bin Munayyisah that : his father asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about the earnings of a cupper and he forbade him from that. Then he mentioned his need and he said: "Spend it on feeding your she-camels that draw water." Ata' bin Abu Rabah said: I heard Jabir bin 'Abdullah say: "In the Year of the Conquest, while he was in Makkah the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), said: 'Allah and His Messenger have forbidden the sale of wines, meat of dead animals, pigs and 'idols.' It was said to him: 'O Messenger of Allah, what do you think of the fat of dead animals, for it is used to caulk ships, it is daubed on animal skins and people use it to light their lamps?' He said: 'No, it is unlawful.' Then the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'May Allah curse the jews, for Allah forbade them the fat (of animals) but they rendered it, (i.e. melted it) sold it and consumed its price."' It was narrated that Abu Umamah said: "The Messenger of Allah, forbade selling or buying singing girls, and their wages, and consuming their price." It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade two kinds of transactions: Mulimasah and Mundbadhah. It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Mulamasah and Munabadhah. (Sahih) Sahl added: "Sufyan said: 'Mulamasah means when a man touches something with his hand without seeing it, and Munabadhah means when he says: "Toss me what you have, and I will toss you what have." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Let one of you not undersell another."[1] lt was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A man is not to undersell his brother, nor is he to fry to outhaggle his brother." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the Najsh. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet said: "Do not practice Najsh." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "A City-dweller should not sell for a Bedouin." It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "A city-dweller should not sell for a Bedouin. Leave people to (engage in trade) and Allah will grant them provision through one another." Ibn Tawus narrated from his father that Ibn 'Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade a city-dweller to sell for a Bedouin." (Sahih)I (Tawus) said to Ibn 'Abbas: "What is meant by the words: 'A city-dweller selling for a Bedouin?' He said: "He should not be a broker for him." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Do not meet the traders on the way, and whoever meets any of them and buys from him, the vendor has the choice of annulling the transaction when he comes to the marketplace.'' It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade meeting traders on the way." It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade. meeting the owners of goods (away from the market)." It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah said: "When two men enter into a transaction, each of them has the choice (of annulling it) so long as they have not yet parted and are still together, or one of them has given the option or choice to the other. Once he has accepted the terms of the other, then the transaction is binding. If they part after concluding the transaction and neither of them has rescinded the transaction then the transaction is binding.” It was narrated from Abu Barzah Al-Aslami that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ”The two parties to a transaction have the choice (of annulling it) so long as they have not yet parted." It was narrated from Samurah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The two parties to a transaction have the choice (of annulling it) so long as they have not yet parted. " It was narrated that Jabir bin' Abdullah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) bought a load of fodder from a Bedouin man. When the transaction was concluded, the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Choose (either to go ahead or to cancel the transaction).' The Bedouin said: 'May Allah grant you a long life of good transaction!"' It was narrated from Dawud bin Salih Al Madani that his father said: I heard Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri say: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Transactions may only be done by mutual consent."' It was narrated from Qasim bin 'Abdur Rahman from his father that : Abdullah bin Mas'ud sold one of the slaves from the state[1] to Ash'ath bin Qais, and they differed concerning the price. Ibn Mas'ud said: "I sold him to you for twenty thousand,' but Ash'ath bin Qais said: "I bought him from you for ten thousand." 'Abdullah said: "If you want, I will tell you a Hadith which I heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ)" He said: "Tell me it." He said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'If two parties to a transaction differ, and they have no proof, and the sale item remains (unredeemed), then what the seller says is valid. Or they may cancel the transaction." He said: "I want to cancel the transaction." And he cancelled it. It was narrated that Hakim bin Hizam said: "I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, a man is asking me to sell him something that I do not possess; Shall I sell it to him?' He said: 'Do not sell what is not with you."' It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'It is not permissible to sell something that is not with you, nor to profit from what you do not possess."' It was narrated from 'Ata that 'Attab bin Asid said that : when the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) sent him to Makkah, he forbade him from profiting off of what he did not possess. It was narrated from 'Uqbah bin 'Amir or Samurah bin Jundab that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Any man who sells to two men, it is for the one who was first."[1] It was narrated from Samurah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), said: "If two (separate) authorized persons make a sale (of the same thing), then the first transaction is the one that is valid. " It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, from his grandfather that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the deal involving earnest money . It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, from his grandfather that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade the deal involving earnest money. (Hasan)Abu 'Abdullah said: Earnest money refers to when a man buys an animal for one hundred Dinar, then he gives the seller two Dinar in advance and says: "If I do not buy the animal, then the two Dinar are yours." And it was said that it refers, and Allah knows best, to when a man buys something, and gives the seller a Dirham or less or more, and says: "If I take it (all well and good), and if I do not, then the Dirham is yours." It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Gharar transaction sand Hasah transactions. " It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade Gharar transactions. " It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed Al-Khudri said: “The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling what is in the wombs of cattle until they give birth, and selling what is in their udders unless it is measured out, and selling a slave who has fled, and selling spoils of war until it has been distributed, and selling Sadaqah until it has been received, and what a diver is going to bring up." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade selling Hablul-Habalah. It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that : a man from among the Ansar came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and begged from him. He said, "Do you have anything in your house?" He said: "Yes, a blanket, part of which we cover ourselves with and part we spread beneath us, and a bowl from which we drink water." He said: "Givethem to me." So he brought them to him, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took them in his hand and said, "Who will by these two things?" A man said: "I will by them for one Dirham." He said: "Who will offer more than a Dirham?" two or three times. A man said: "I will buy them for two Dirham." So he gave them to him and took the two Dirham, which he gave to the Ansari and said: "Buy food with one of them and give it to your family, and buy an axe with the other and bring it to me." So he did that, and the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) took it and fixed a handle to it, and said: "Go and gather firewood, and I do not want to see you for fifteen days." So he went and gathered firewood and sold it, then he came back, and he had earned ten Dirham. (The Prophet (ﷺ)) said: "Buy food with some of it and clothes with some." Then he said: "This is better for you than coming with begging (appearing) as a spot on your face on the Day of Resurrection. Begging is only appropriate for one who is extremely poor or who is in severe debt, or one who must pay painful blood money.”[1] It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: Whoever agrees with a Muslim to cancel a transaction Allah will forgive his sins on the Day of Resurrection. " It was nanated that Anas bin Malik said: "Prices rose during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and they said: 'O Messenger of Allah, prices have risen, so fix the prices for us.' He said: 'Indeed Allah is the Musa'ir, [1] the Qabid, (Restrainer) the Basit,[2] the Razzaq (Provider). And I am hopeful that I meet my Lord and none of you are seeking (recompense from) me for an injustice involving blood or wealth." It was narrated that Abu Sa'eed said: "Prices rose at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and they said: 'Why do you not fix the food prices, O Messenger of Allah?' He said: 'I hope that when I leave you, no one among you will be demanding restitution for a wrong that I have done to him."' 'Uthman bin 'Affan narrated that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “Allah will admit to Paradise a man who was lenient when he sold and when he bought. " It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "May Allah have mercy on a person who is lenient when he sells, lenient when he buys, and lenient when he asks for payment. " It was narrated that Qailah Umm Bani Anmar said: "I came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), during one of his 'Umrah at Marwah and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, I am a woman who buys and sells. When I want to buy something, I state a price less than I want to pay, then I raise it gradually until it reaches the price I want to pay. And when I want to sell something, I state a price more than I want, then I lower it until it reaches the price I want.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Do not do that, O Qailah. When you want to buy something, state the price you want, whether it is given or not. And when you want to sell something, state the price you want, whether it is given or not.'" It was narrated that Jabir bin 'Abdullah said: "I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) on a military campaign, and he said to me: 'Will you sell this camel of yours for a Dinar?' I said: 'O Messenger of Allah, it is yours when I get to Al-Madinah.' He said: 'Then sell it for two Dinar, may Allah forgive you.' And he kept increasing the price for me, saying: 'May Allah forgive you,' each time, until the amount reached twenty Dinar. When I came to Al-Madinah, I took hold of the camel's head and brought it to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: 'O Bilal, give him twenty Dinar from the spoils of war.' And he said: 'Take your camel away and go to your people with it.'" It was narrated that 'Ali said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade haggling before sunrise, and (he forbade) slaughtering animals that yield milk." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection, nor will He look at them or purify them, and theirs will be a painful torment: A man who has surplus water in the desert but refuses to give any to a wayfarer; a man who sells a product to a man after 'Asr and swears by Allah that he bought it for such and such amount, and he believes him, when that is not the case; and a man who swears allegiance to a ruler, and only does so for worldly gains, so if he gives him some of (these worldly benefits) he fulfills his oath of allegiance, and if he is not given anything he does not uphold his oath of allegiance. " It was narrated from Abu Dharr that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are three to whom Allah will not speak on the Day of Resurrection nor will He look at them or purify them, and theirs will be a painful torment." I said: "Who are they, O Messenger of Allah? For they are indeed losers." He said: "The one who lets his garment hang beneath his ankles, the one who reminds another of what he has given him, and the one who sells his product by means of false oaths." It was narrated from Abu Qatadah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), said: "Beware of swearing oaths when selling, for it may help you to make a sale but it destroys the blessing."' It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys a palm tree that has been pollinated, its fruits belong to the seller, unless the purchaser stipulated a condition." (Sahih) Another chain from Ibn 'Umar, from the Prophet (ﷺ), with similar wording. It was narrated from Salim bin 'Abdullah, bin 'Umar, from Ibn 'Umar, that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever sells a palm tree that has been pollinated, its fruits belong to the seller, unless the purchaser stipulated a condition. And whoever buys a slave who has wealth, his wealth belongs to the seller, unless the purchaser stipulated a condition." It was narrated from Nafi' from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever sells a palm tree and sells a slave." Mentioning both of them together.[1] It was narrated that 'Ubadah bin Samit said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that the fruit of a palm tree belongs to the one who pollinated it, and that the wealth of a slave belongs to the one who sold him, unless the purchaser stipulated a condition." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not sell fruits until they have ripened." And he forbade (both) the seller and the purchaser (to engage in such a transaction). It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Do not sell fruits until they have ripened."' It was narrated from Jabir that : the Prophet (ﷺ) forbade selling fruits until they have ripened. It was narrated from Anas bin Malik that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling fruits until they have changed the color, and selling grapes until they have turned black, and selling grains until they have hardened. It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling for many years ahead. It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever sells fruits then the crop fails, should not take any of his brother's money. Why would any of you take the money of his Muslim brother?" It was narrated that Suwaid bin Qais said: "Makhrafah Al' Abdi and I brought linens from Hajar[1] The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) came to us to bargain with us with some trousers. There was someone with me who weighed (the goods) in exchange for a wage. So the Prophet (ﷺ) said to the one weighing: 'Weigh and add more.'" It was narrated that Simak bin Harb said: "I heard Malik Abu Safwan bin 'Umairah, say: 'I bought a pair of trousers from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) before the Hijrah, and he weighed it for me and allowed more."' It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When you weigh, allow more. " It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "When the Prophet (ﷺ) came to Al-Madinah, they were the worst people in weights and measures. Then Allah, Glorious is He revealed: "Woe to the Mutaffifun (those who give less in measure and weight)",[1] and they were fair in weights and measures after that. It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) passed by a man who was selling food. He put his hand in it and saw that there was something wrong with it. The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, 'He is not one of us who cheats."' It was narrated that Abu Hamra' said: "I saw the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) pass by a man having food in a vessel. He put his hand in it and said: 'Perhaps you are cheating. Whoever cheats us is not one of us."' It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys food, let him not sell it until he has taken full possession of it." It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys food, let him not sell it until he has taken full possession of it.'" (Sahih) In his narration, (one of the narrators) Abu 'Awanah said: "Ibn 'Abbas said: 'I think everything is like food."' It was narrated that Jabir said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling food bought by measure until two Sa' have been measured - the Sa' of the seller and the Sa' of the buyer."[1] It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said: "We used to buy food from troops of riders (i.e., the caravans) without knowing the amount, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us to sell it until it had been delivered to us." It was narrated that 'Uthman bin 'Affan said: "I used to sell dates in the marketplace, and I would say: 'This was such and such an amount (when I bought it).' I Would give the purchaser a specific amount of dates according to the way it had been measured for me, and take my profit. Then I began to have some doubts about that, so I asked the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and he said: ‘When you name the amount, measure it in front of the purchaser."' It was narrated that Abdullah bin Busr Al-Mazini said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Measure your food, may you be blessed therein."' It was narrated from Abu Ayyub that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Measure your food, may you be blessed therein." It was narrated that Abu Usaid said that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) went to the market of Nabit,[1] and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then we went to another market and looked at it, and said: "This is not a market for you." Then he came back to this market and walked around in it then he said: "This is your market. It will always be your market and no duty will be levied on it." (Do,if) It was narrated that Salman said : "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) saying: 'Whoever goes to the Morning prayer first thing in the morning, he goes out with the banner of faith but whoever goes out to the marketplace first thing in the morning, he goes out under the banner of Iblis (Satan).' " It was narrated from Salim bin 'Abdullah bin 'Umar, from his father, that his grandfather told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Whoever says, when he enters the marketplace: 'La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu, lahul-mulk wa lahul-hamdu, yuhyi wa yumitu, wa Huwa hayyun la yamutu, bi yadihil-khairu kulluhu, wa Huwa ala kulli shay’in Qadir (None has the right to be worshiped but Allah alone, with no partner, to Him belongs all sovereignty and to Him is the praise, He gives life and gives death, and He is Ever-Living and does not die; in His Hand is all goodness and He is Able to do all things),' Allah will record for him one million good deeds, and will erase from him one million bad deeds, and will build for him a house in Paradise. " It was narrated from Sakhr Al-Ghamidi that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings (i.e., what they do early in the morning)." (Hasan)He said: "When he sent out a raiding party or an army, he would send them at the beginning of the day." He said: (1) "Sakhr was a man engaged in trade, and he used to send his goods out at the beginning of the day, and his wealth grew and increased." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "O Allah, bless my nation early in the morning of Thursday.' " It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "O Allah, bless my nation in their early mornings.". It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "Whoever buys a Musarrah, he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give a Sa' of dates, not Samra'." Meaning wheat. 'Abdullah bin 'Umar said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Whoever buys a Muhaffalah, (1) he has the choice (of annulling the deal) for three days. If he returns it, then he must also give wheat equal to twice, the amount of its milk, or equal to the amount of its milk."' It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said: "I bear witness that the true and truly inspired one Abul-Qasim (ﷺ) told us: 'Selling a Muhaffalah is Khilabah, and Khilabah is not lawful for the Muslim."' (Ibn Majah said: " Meaning: 'Deception.") It was narrated from Aishah that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) ruled that what a slave earns belongs to his guarantor. It was narrated from 'Aishah that: a man bought a slave and put him to work, then he found some defect in him, so he returned him. He (the seller) said: "O Messenger of Allah he put my slave to work." The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "A slave's earnings belong to his guarantor." It was narrated from Samurah bin Jundab that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The contractual obligation regarding a slave lasts for three days." (1) It was narrated from 'Uqbah bin 'Amir that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There is no contractual obligation after four (days)." It was narrated that 'Uqbah bin 'Amir said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'The Muslim is the brother of another Muslim, and it is not permissible for a Muslim to sell his brother goods in which there is a defect, without pointing that out to him."' It was narrated that Wathilah bin Asqa' said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: 'Whoever sells defective goods without pointing it out, he will remain subject to the wrath of Allah, and the angels will continue to curse him.'" It was narrated that 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud said: "When captives were brought to him, the Prophet (ﷺ) would give the members of one family together (to one person), not wanting to separate them." It was narrated that 'Ali said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave me two slaves who were brothers, and I sold one of them. He said: 'What happened with the two slaves?' I said: 'I sold one of them.' He said: 'Take him back."' It was narrated that Abu Musa said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the one who separates a mother and her child, or a brother from his brother." It was narrated that 'Abdul-Majid bin Wahb said: "Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah said to me: 'Shall I not read to you a letter that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), wrote to me?' I said: 'Yes.' So he took out a letter. In it was: 'This is what 'Adda' bin Khalid bin Hawdhah bought [from] Muhammad the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) He bought from him a slave' or 'a female slave, having no ailments, nor being a runaway, not having any malicious behavior. Sold by a Muslim to a Muslim.'" It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib from his father that his grandfather told that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When anyone of you buys a slave woman let him say: 'Allahumma inni as'aluka khairaha wa khaira ma jabaltaha alaihi, wa a'udhu bika min sharriha wa sharri ma jabaltaha alaihi (O Allah, I ask You for the goodness within her and the goodness that You have made her inclined towards, and I seek refuge with You from the evil within her and the evil that You have made her inclined towards).' And he should pray for blessing. And if anyone of you buys a camel then he should take hold of its hump and pray for. blessing and say similar words." It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan Nasri said: "I heard 'Umar bin Al-Khattab say: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Exchanging gold for gold is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) wheat for wheat is usury, unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) barley for barley is usury unless it is done on the spot. (Exchanging) dates for dates is usury, unless it is done on the spot." Muslim bin Yasar and 'Abdullah bin 'Ubaid said : "Ubadah bin Samit and Mu'awiyah happened to meet, either in a church or in a synagogue. 'Ubadah bin Samit narrated to them and said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade us from selling silver for silver, gold for gold, wheat for wheat, barley for barley, and dates for dates.'I one of them said: "And salt for salt," but the other did not say it. "And he commanded us to sell wheat for barley, or barley for wheat, hand-to-hand, however we wished." It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: '(Sell) silver for silver, gold for gold, barley for barley, wheat for wheat, like for like." It was narrated that Abu Sa’eed said: “The Prophet used to give us dates from the collection (mixed) [1] dates, and we would exchange them for dates that were better, and we add to the price. [2] The Messenger of Allah said: ‘It is not right to give one Sa of dates for two Sa, nor one Dirham for two Dirham. A Dirham for a Dirham and a Dinar for a Dinar is allowed: the only difference between them is in weight (i.e., the weight must be equal.)’” Sahih It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "I heard Abu Saeed Al-Khudri say: 'A Dirham for a Dirham and a Dinar for a Dinar.' So I said: 'I heard Ibn 'Abbas say something other than that.' He said: 'But I met Ibn 'Abbas and said: "Tell me about what you say concerning exchange is it something that you heard from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) or something that You found in the Book of Allah?" He said: "I did not find it in the Book of Allah, and I did not hear it from the Messenger of Allah; rather Usamah bin Zaid told me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Usury is only in credit."[1] It was narrated that Abu Jawza' said: "I heard him meaning Ibn 'Abbas allowing exchange (of Dirhams for Dirham etc., if extra was given) and that was narrated from him. Then I heard that he has taken back this opinion. I met him in Makkah and said: 'I heard that you had taken back (your opinion).' He said: 'Yes. That was just my own opinion, but Abu Sa'eed narrated from the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) that he forbade exchange (of like items if extra is given)."' It was narrated that Zuhri heard Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan say: "I heard 'Umar say: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), said: 'Gold for silver is usury, unless it is exchanged on the spot."' (Sahih) Abu Bakr bin Abu-Shaibah said: "I heard sufyan saying: 'Gold for silver." memorize (this). It was narrated that Malik bin Aws bin Hadathan said: "I came saying. 'Who will exchange Dirham?' Talhah bin 'Ubaidullah, who was with 'Umar bin Khattab, said: 'Show us your gold, then come to us; when our treasure comes, we will give you your silver.' 'Umar said: 'No, by Allah, you will give him silver (now), or give him back his gold, for the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Silver for gold is usury, unless it is exchanged on the spot."' It was narrated from Umar bin Muhammad bin 'Ali bin abi Talib, from his father, that his grandfather said: 'The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Dinar for Dinar, Dirham for Dirham, with no increase between them. Whoever has need of silver, let him trade gold for it, and whoever has need of gold, let him trade silver for it, and let the transaction be done on the spot."' It was narrated that Ibn 'Umar said: "I used to sell camels, and I used to buy gold for silver and silver for gold, Dinar for Dirham and Dirham for Dinar. I asked the Prophet (ﷺ) about that, and he said: 'If you take one of them and give the other, then you and your companion should not separate until everything is clear (i.e., the exchange is completed).’” (Hasan) Another chain with similar wording. It was narrated from 'Alqamah bin 'Abdullah that his father said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade breaking the coins of the Muslims that are in circulation among them, without any necessary reason.”(1) It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Yazid, the freed slave of Al-Aswad bin Sufyan, that : Zaid, Abu 'Ayyash, the freed slave of Bani Zuhrah, told him that he asked Sa'd bin Abu Waqqas about buying wheat with barley. Sa'd said to him: "Which of them is better?" He said: "Wheat." He told him not to do that and said: "I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) being asked about buying fresh dates with dried dates, and he said: 'Do fresh dates decrease in weight when they become dry?' They said: 'Yes.' So he told them not to do that." It was narrated that 'Abduilah bin 'Umar said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the Muzabanah. The Muzdbanah means when a man sells the dates of his grove when they are still on the tree, for a measure of dty dates;[2] or, if it is grapes, he sells them when they are still on the vine, for a measure of raisins; or if it is a crop, he sells it for food, estimating the amount (of the crop in the field). He forbade all of these things." lt was narrated from Sabir bin 'Abdullah that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the Muhaqalah and the Muzabanah. It was narrated that Rafi, bin Khadij said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade the Muhaqalah and the Muzabanah." It was narrated from Salim from his father: "Zaid bin Thabit narrated to me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave a concession regarding the sale of 'Araya.” It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar that he said: "Zaid bin Thabit told me that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) gave a concession regarding the sale of the estimated harvest of 'Araya return for dried dates." (Sahih) Yahya (one of the narrators) said: "The 'Araya is when a man purchases dates on the trees for food that his family has that is ripe, by estimating them (the dates)." It was narrated from Samurah bin Jundub that : the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) forbade selling animals for animals on credit. It was narrated from Jabir that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There is nothing wrong with selling animals, one for two, hand to hand," but he disliked selling them on credit. It was narrated from Anas that : the Prophet (ﷺ) bought Safiyyah for seven slaves. (Sahih) (One of the narrators) 'Abdur-Rahman said: "From Dihyah Kalbi.' It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: ' "'On the night in which I was taken on the Night Journey (Al-Isra'), I came to people whose stomachs were like houses, in which there were snakes that could be seen from outside their stomachs. I said: 'Who are these, O Jibra’il?’ He said: 'They are the ones who consumed usury."' It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "There are seventy degrees of usury, the least of which is equivalent to a man having intercourse with his mother." It was narrated from 'Abdullah that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There are seventy-three degrees of usury." It was narrated that 'Umar bin Khattab said: "The last thing to be revealed was the Verse on usury but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) died before he had explained it to us. So give up usury (interest) and doubtful things." It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin Mas'ud that : Xthe Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) cursed the one who consumes usury, the one who pays it, those who witness it and the one who writes it down. It was narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: “There will come a time when there will be no one left who does not consume usury (interest), and whoever does not consume it will nevertheless be affected by it."' It was narrated from Ibn Mas'ud that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "There is no one who deals in usury a great deal (to increase his wealth) but he will end up with little (i.e., his wealth will be decreased)." It was narrated that Ibn 'Abbas said: "When the Prophet (ﷺ) came (to Al-Madinah), they used to pay in advance for dates, two or three years in advance. He said: 'Whoever pays in advance for dates, let him pay for a known amount or a known weight, to be delivered at a known time.’” It was narrated from Muhammad bin Hamzah bin Yusuf bin 'Abdullah bin Salam, from his father, that his grandfather 'Abdullah bin Salam said: "A man came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said, 'The tribe of Banu so-and- so, who were descended from the Jews, have become Muslim, and they are starving, and I am afraid that they may apostatize.' The Prophet (ﷺ) said: 'Who has something with him?' A Jewish man said: 'I have such and such, and he named it, and I think he said three hundred Dinar for such and such 'an amount (of produce) from the garden of the tribe of Banu so-and-so.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'For such and such a price at such and such a time, but not from the garden of the tribe of Banu so-and- so."' It was narrated that Abu Mujalid said: "Abdullah bin Shaddad and Abu Barzah had a dispute about paying in advance. They sent me to 'Abdullah bin Abu Awfa to ask him about it. He said: 'We used to make payments in advance at the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and the time of Abu Bakr and 'Umar, for wheat, barley, raisins and dates, to people who did not yet possess those things.' I asked Ibn Abza, and he said something similar." It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When you have paid in advance for something, do not exchange it for something else." (Da'if)Another chain with similar wording. It was narrated that Najrani said: "I said to 'Abdullah bin 'Umar: 'Can I pay in advance for a date palm before it bears fruit?' He said: 'No.' I said: 'Why not?' He said: 'A man paid in advance for a grove of trees during the time of the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), before they had produced any fruit, and they did not bear anything that year. The purchaser said: 'They belong to me until they produce but the seller said: 'I only sold the trees to you for this year! They referred their dispute to the Messenger of Allah who said to the seller: 'Did he take anything from your date palms?' He said: 'No.' He said: 'Then why do you regard his wealth as lawful for You? Give back what you took from him, and do not take payment in advance for date palms until their usefulness appears."' It was narrated from Abu Rafi' that: the Prophet (ﷺ) asked a man to give as a loan a young camel and said: “When the camels of the Sadaqah come, we will pay you back.” When the camels came, he said: " O Abu Rafi', pay this man back for his Young camel." But all I could find was a seven-year-old camel or that which is better. I told the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: "Give it to him, for the best of People are those who are best in repaying." Sa'eed bin Hani' said: "I heard 'Irbad bin Sariyah say: 'I was with the Prophet (ﷺ) and a Bedouin said: "Pay me back for my young camel, and he gave him an older (i.e., better) camel." He said: 'O Messenger of Allah! It is older (i.e., better) than my camel.' The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The best of people are those who are best in repaying."' It was narrated that Sa'ib said to the Prophet (ﷺ): "You were my partner during the Ignorance period and you were the best of partners, you did not contend or dispute." It was narrated that 'Abdullah said: "Sa'd, 'Ammar and I entered into a partnership on the day of Badr, (agreeing to share) whatever was allotted to us. 'Ammar and I did not get anything, but Sa'd got two men (slaves)." lt was narrated from Salih bin Suhaib that his father said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'There are three things in which there is blessing: A sale with deferred payment; Muqaradhah (profit sharing); and mixing wheat with barley for one's house, but not for sale."' It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "The best of your provision is what you earn, and your children are part of what you earn. " It was narrated from Jabir bin 'Abdullah that a man said: "O Messenger of Allah, I have wealth and a son, and my father wants to take all my wealth." He said: "You and your wealth belong to your father." It was narrated from 'Amr bin Shu'aib, from his father, that his grandfather said: "A man came to the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ), and said: 'My father is taking all my wealth.' He said: 'You and your wealth belong to your father.' And the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'Your children are among the best of your earnings, so eat from your wealth.’” It was narrated that 'Aishah said: 'Hind came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and said: 'O Messenger of Allah, Abu Sufyan is a stingy man and he does not give me enough for me and my child, except for what I take from his wealth without him realizing.' He said: Take what is sufficient for you and your child, on a reasonable basis.' " It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When a woman spends" and my father said: - "When a woman feeds (the poor) from her husband's house, without spending too much, she will have her reward, and he will be rewarded likewise because he earned it , and she will be rewarded for what she spent. The same applies to the storekeeper, without anything being detracted from their rewards.” Shurahbil bin Muslim Al-Khawlani said: I heard Abu Umamah Al-Bahili say: I heard the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) say: " No woman should spend anything from her house without her husband's permission." They said: "O Messenger of Allah, not even food?" He said: "That is among the best of our wealth." It was narrated from Muslim Al-Mula'i that he heard Anas bin Malik say: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to accept the invitation of a slave." It was narrated that 'Umair, the freed slave of Aabi Lahm, said: "My master used to give me food and I would feed others from it, then he stopped me," or he said: "He beat me. So I asked the Prophet,” -or- "he asked him and I said: 'I will not stop.' He said: 'Both of you will be rewarded."' It was narrated that Abu Bishr Ja'far bin Abu Jyas said: “I heard 'Abbad bin Shurahbil, a man from Banu Ghubar, say: ‘We suffered a year of famine, and I came to Al-Madinah. I came to one of its gardens and took an ear of corn, I rubbed it, ate some and put the rest in my garment. The owner of the garden came and beat me and took my garment. I came to the Prophet (ﷺ) and told him (what had happened). He said to the man: "You did not feed him when he was hungry and you did not teach him when he was ignorant."' Then the Prophet (ﷺ) told him to give back his garment and ordered that a Wasq or half a Wasq of food be brought to him." It was narrated that Rafi' bin 'Amr Al-Ghifari said: "When I was a boy, I used to throw stones at our date-palm trees"[1] - or he said: "the date-palm trees of the Ansar." I was brought to the Prophet (ﷺ) and he said: 'O boy' - (one of the narrators) Ibn Kasib said: He said: 'O my son - why are you throwing stones at the date-palm trees?' I said: 'So I can eat.' He said: 'Do not throw stones at the date-palm trees. Eat from what falls to the ground from them.' Then he patted me on the head and said: 'O Allah give him enough to eat.'” It was narrated from Abu Sa'eed that the Prophet (ﷺ) said: "When you come to a shepherd, call him three times. If he answers (all well and good), otherwise drink (milk from the flock) without taking advantage. And when you come to a garden call the owner of the garden three times. If he answers (all well and good), otherwise eat (from the produce of the garden) without taking advantage." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "When anyone of you passes by a garden let him eat therefrom, but he should not carry any away in his garment."' It was narrated from 'Abdullah bin 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) stood up and said: "No one of you should milk from the livestock of another man without his permission. Would anyone of you like someone to break into his storeroom and take his food? The udders of their livestock store food for them, so none of you should milk the livestock of another man without his permission." Abu Hurairah said: “While we were with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) on a journey, we saw some camels with their udders tied, among some thorny trees. We rushed towards it, but the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) called us and we came back to him. He said: 'These camels belong to a family of Muslims, and this is their support (and blessing) after Allah. Would you be happy if you went back to your vessels and found that what was in them had been taken away? Do you think that is fair?' They said: 'No.' He said: 'This is like that.' We said: 'What do you think if we are in need of food and drink?' He said: 'Eat but do not carry any away: drink but do not carry any away."' It was narrated from Umm Hani' that the Prophet (ﷺ) said to her: "Keep sheep, for in them is blessing!' It was narrated that 'Urwah Al-Bariqi said in a Marfu’ report: "Camels are the pride of their owners, and sheep are a blessing, and goodness is tied to the forelocks of horses until the Day of Resurrection." It was narrated from Ibn 'Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: "Sheep are among the animals of Paradise."' It was narrated that Abu Hurairah said: "The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) commanded the rich to keep sheep, and he commanded the poor to keep chickens, and he said: 'When the rich keep chickens, then Allah will give permission for the town to be destroyed."'